黏性油液空化特性研究现状与展望

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.18.378

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (18): 378-395.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.18.378

• 交叉与前沿 • 上一篇

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黏性油液空化特性研究现状与展望

闫清东^1,2, 刘世琦¹, 刘城^1,3, 郭猛^1,3,4, 张嘉华¹, 柯志芳^1,2, 魏巍^1,5

1. 北京理工大学机械与车辆学院北京 100081;
2. 北京理工大学前沿技术研究院济南 250300;
3. 北京理工大学长三角研究院嘉兴 314000;
4. 浙江大学流体动力基础件与机电系统全国重点实验室杭州 310027;
5. 北京理工大学重庆创新中心重庆 401135

收稿日期:2024-10-06 修回日期:2025-03-28 发布日期:2025-11-08
作者简介:闫清东，男，1964年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为车辆现代设计理论与方法，流体传动与控制。E-mail：yanqd@bit.edu.cn;刘世琦，男，1995年出生，博士研究生。主要研究方向为流体传动与控制、黏性油液空化流动。E-mail：liu_shiqi1111@163.com;刘城(通信作者)，男，1986年出生，博士，副教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为空化机理及控制、液力传动、车辆混合动力技术、极地车整车构型理论、多模态管道机器人。E-mail：liucheng@bit.edu.cn;郭猛，男，1991年出生，博士后。主要研究方向为空化机理及控制、流体传动与控制。E-mail：guomeng826025@163.com;魏巍，男，1978年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为多域智能车辆、火星无人装备、极地特种装备、液力传动。E-mail：weiweibit@bit.edu.cn
基金资助:
液力变矩器型号研制项目(MKF20210092)、中国博士后科学基金(2023M730239)、流体动力基础件与机电系统全国重点实验室基金(GZKF-202304)和中国汽车工程学会青年人才托举工程(QK-20240316-013)资助项目

Status and Prospect on Cavitation Characteristics of Viscous Oil

YAN Qingdong^1,2, LIU Shiqi¹, LIU Cheng^1,3, GUO Meng^1,3,4, ZHANG Jiahua¹, KE Zhifang^1,2, WEI Wei^1,5

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081;
2. Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan 250307;
3. Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314000;
4. The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatrnic System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027;
5. Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 066004

Received:2024-10-06 Revised:2025-03-28 Published:2025-11-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 空化贯穿于流体元件服役过程，会造成振动、噪音甚至机械失效，极大影响流体元件的性能发挥，成为流体元件的顽症。黏性油液因其饱和蒸汽压低、高含气量等特点，使其空化形成机理及演变特性与水介质以相变为主的蒸汽型空化存在较大差异。为分析黏性油液空化机理，总结油液中空气对其空化初生的积极作用，指出较高的含气量使黏性油液易发生由溶解气体析出和气泡膨胀起的空气型空化，并探讨空气型空化模型的构建、梳理了油液介质效应对空化的影响和黏油流体机械的空化特性。指出黏油流体元件内部空化类型亟待明确、含气油液空化模型需要精确描述和高压高转速元件内部观测不易的问题，提出了黏性油液空化流动的发展愿景：① 开展黏油空化核谱测量，获取介质属性等对空化成核的影响规律；② 探索气相溶解析出机制和油汽相变特性，建立含气油液空化预测模型；③ 提取黏油元件典型空化场景，开展非定常空化流动研究。

关键词: 黏性油液, 空化, 空气型, 计算流体力学

Abstract: Cavitation runs throughout the service process of fluid components, causing vibration, noise and even mechanical failure, greatly affecting the performance of fluid components and becoming a chronic problem of fluid components. Due to its low saturated vapor pressure and high gas content, the formation mechanism and evolution characteristics of viscous oil cavitation are quite different from those of steam-type cavitation in which water media is dominated by phase changes. In order to analyze the cavitation mechanism of viscous oil, the positive effect of gas in the oil on the cavitation inception is summarized, and it is pointed out that the higher gas content makes the viscous oil prone to gas-type cavitation caused by the precipitation of dissolved gas and the expansion of bubbles. The construction of gas-type cavitation model is discussed, and the influence of oil medium effect on cavitation and the cavitation characteristics of viscous oil fluid machinery are sorted out. It is pointed out that, the cavitation type of viscous oil fluid components needs to be clarified urgently, the gas-containing oil cavitation model needs to be accurately described, and the internal observation of high pressure and high rotation speed components is difficult to observe. The development vision of viscous oil cavitation flow is put forward: ① carry out viscous oil cavitation nucleation spectrum measurements to obtain the influence of medium properties on cavitation nucleation; ② explore the gas phase dissolution mechanism and oil-vapor phase change characteristics, and establish a gas-containing oil cavitation prediction model; ③ extract typical viscous oil components cavitation structures are used to conduct research on unsteady cavitation flows.

Key words: viscous oil, cavitation, gas-type, computational fluid mechanics

中图分类号:

TH137

闫清东, 刘世琦, 刘城, 郭猛, 张嘉华, 柯志芳, 魏巍. 黏性油液空化特性研究现状与展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(18): 378-395.

YAN Qingdong, LIU Shiqi, LIU Cheng, GUO Meng, ZHANG Jiahua, KE Zhifang, WEI Wei. Status and Prospect on Cavitation Characteristics of Viscous Oil[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(18): 378-395.

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黏性油液空化特性研究现状与展望

Status and Prospect on Cavitation Characteristics of Viscous Oil

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