磨料水射流加工技术研究现状及展望

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.09.046

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 磨料水射流作为一种“冷柔”加工技术得到越来越广泛的应用，尤其在热敏及新型材料加工领域有很好的应用前景，是解决难加工材料零件制造难题最有效的技术之一。自磨料水射流加工技术问世以来，全球学者开展了大量的研究工作，对高压和超高压磨料水射流技术背后的科学问题取得了较好的理解，也使得磨料水射流加工成为比较成熟的先进制造技术。为了促进以后的研究和研发工作，分析、讨论和总结了磨料水射流加工领域前期的研究工作，涵盖高压水射流和磨料水射流的形成原理以及流场和冲击特性、射流冲击区的流体力学特性和能量传递规律、冲蚀导致的材料微观去除机理和宏观切口形成机理，以及新技术和新工艺，从理论、技术和工艺层面为后期研究提供支持。最后，对磨料水射流技术未来的发展以及研究方向提出作者的见解。

关键词: 磨料水射流, 射流流场, 射流冲击, 冲蚀机理, 加工性能, 材料去除机理

Abstract: Owing to its various distinct advantages, the abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining technology has been increasingly used in industry. It is gaining particular favour in the machining of thermal sensitive and advanced materials where it has demonstrated as one of the most effective technologies to machine difficult-to-machine materials. Since the advent of the AWJ machining technology, a lot of research efforts have been undertaken to understand the science associated with AWJ machining, which has enabled the technology to be developed as a widely used one. To facilitate future research, this study reviews, analyzes and discusses the investigations that have been undertaken in relation to AWJ machining, covering the formation principle, flow field characteristics and impact characteristics of high-pressure waterjet and AWJ, the fluid dynamics and energy transfer on the jet impact zone, the microscopic materials removal mechanism and macroscopic kerf formation mechanism under AWJ impacts, as well as the technologies and processes that have been developed in the last decades. It provides good support to future research both theoretically and technologically. Finally, how the AWJ technology may develop and the possible research directions in the near future are proposed.

Key words: abrasive waterjet, waterjet flow, waterjet impact, impact erosion, machining, material removal

中图分类号:

TH16
TP602

王军, 景延延, 杜鑫豪, 郑李娟, 王成勇, 陈平. 磨料水射流加工技术研究现状及展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(9): 46-77.

WANG Jun, JING Yanyan, DU Xinhao, ZHENG Lijuan, WANG Chengyong, CHEN Ping. Abrasive Waterjet Machining — State of the Art and Future Perspectives[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(9): 46-77.

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