• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (9): 46-77.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.09.046

• 特邀专栏:高性能制造 • 上一篇    

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磨料水射流加工技术研究现状及展望

王军1,2, 景延延1,2, 杜鑫豪1,2, 郑李娟1,2, 王成勇1,2, 陈平3   

  1. 1. 广东工业大学机电工程学院 广州 510006;
    2. 高性能工具全国重点实验室(广东工业大学) 广州 510006;
    3. 沈阳奥拓福科技股份有限公司 沈阳 110170
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-16 修回日期:2024-10-18 发布日期:2025-06-12
  • 通讯作者: 郑李娟,女,1987年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为跨尺度机械及特种加工理论、技术与装备。E-mail:zhenglijuan@gdut.edu.cn E-mail:zhenglijuan@gdut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王军,男,1961年出生,博士,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为跨尺度磨料射流、高能束及多能场复合、精密/超精密加工的相关理论、技术与装备。E-mail:j.wang@gdut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52375415,52122510)和教育部人才计划资助项目。

Abrasive Waterjet Machining — State of the Art and Future Perspectives

WANG Jun1,2, JING Yanyan1,2, DU Xinhao1,2, ZHENG Lijuan1,2, WANG Chengyong1,2, CHEN Ping3   

  1. 1. School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006;
    2. State Key Laboratory for High Performance Tools (Guangdong University of Technology), Guangzhou 510006;
    3. Shenyang All-Powerful Science and Technology Stock Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110170
  • Received:2024-05-16 Revised:2024-10-18 Published:2025-06-12

摘要: 磨料水射流作为一种“冷柔”加工技术得到越来越广泛的应用,尤其在热敏及新型材料加工领域有很好的应用前景,是解决难加工材料零件制造难题最有效的技术之一。自磨料水射流加工技术问世以来,全球学者开展了大量的研究工作,对高压和超高压磨料水射流技术背后的科学问题取得了较好的理解,也使得磨料水射流加工成为比较成熟的先进制造技术。为了促进以后的研究和研发工作,分析、讨论和总结了磨料水射流加工领域前期的研究工作,涵盖高压水射流和磨料水射流的形成原理以及流场和冲击特性、射流冲击区的流体力学特性和能量传递规律、冲蚀导致的材料微观去除机理和宏观切口形成机理,以及新技术和新工艺,从理论、技术和工艺层面为后期研究提供支持。最后,对磨料水射流技术未来的发展以及研究方向提出作者的见解。

关键词: 磨料水射流, 射流流场, 射流冲击, 冲蚀机理, 加工性能, 材料去除机理

Abstract: Owing to its various distinct advantages, the abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining technology has been increasingly used in industry. It is gaining particular favour in the machining of thermal sensitive and advanced materials where it has demonstrated as one of the most effective technologies to machine difficult-to-machine materials. Since the advent of the AWJ machining technology, a lot of research efforts have been undertaken to understand the science associated with AWJ machining, which has enabled the technology to be developed as a widely used one. To facilitate future research, this study reviews, analyzes and discusses the investigations that have been undertaken in relation to AWJ machining, covering the formation principle, flow field characteristics and impact characteristics of high-pressure waterjet and AWJ, the fluid dynamics and energy transfer on the jet impact zone, the microscopic materials removal mechanism and macroscopic kerf formation mechanism under AWJ impacts, as well as the technologies and processes that have been developed in the last decades. It provides good support to future research both theoretically and technologically. Finally, how the AWJ technology may develop and the possible research directions in the near future are proposed.

Key words: abrasive waterjet, waterjet flow, waterjet impact, impact erosion, machining, material removal

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