磁处理对铁磁材料残余应力调控规律及机理研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.06.174

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 磁处理应力调控技术因能耗低、效率高、无污染等优点而广受关注，但目前磁处理过程中材料磁特性与其内部应力的作用机理及交互规律尚未明晰，磁处理参数与应力松弛间的关联关系仍有待深入研究。因此，借助试验平台揭示磁处理参数对典型铁磁性材料硅钢残余应力动态演变的影响规律及其作用机制，探究外张力作用对应力调控效果的增益效应，剖析磁处理对铁磁性与非铁磁性材料应力调控效果及其机理的差异性。结果表明，硅钢残余应力调控效果随时间呈正弦波动，磁感应强度未达到饱和时，可有效驱动残余应力松弛，超过饱和状态时残余应力不降反升；外张力影响材料的磁化状态，较大的外张力会促使材料中新、旧畴壁完成动态重构，对磁处理应力调控效果产生增益效应；磁处理可调控非铁磁材料残余应力，但其主导机制与铁磁性材料不同；磁致振动与局部应力的叠加大于虑及磁致塑性效应的位错阻力时，残余应力松弛方可启动。研究结果为磁处理调控铁磁及非铁磁材料残余应力提供理论依据与技术支撑。

关键词: 磁处理, 残余应力, 张力, 机理, 非铁磁性

Abstract: Magnetic treatment has attracted widespread attention due to its advantages such as low consumption, high efficiency and no pollution. However, the mechanism and interaction between the magnetic properties and internal stress during magnetic treatment are not yet clear, and the correlation between magnetic treatment parameters and stress relaxation remains to further study. Therefore, The influence of magnetic treatment parameters on the dynamic evolution and mechanism of residual stress in silicon steel are revealed through experimental platforms. The gain effect of external tension on stress control effect is explored. The difference in stress control effect and mechanism of magnetic treatment between ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic materials under magnetic treatment are analyzed. The results show that the control effect of the residual stress of silicon steel fluctuates sinusoidally with time. The residual stress relief can be effectively driven when the magnetic induction does not reach saturation, but raise when the magnetic induction exceeds saturation. The external tension affected the magnetization state of the material, and a large external tension promoted the dynamic reconstruction of the old and new domain walls, resulting in a gain effect on the stress control effect of magnetic treatment. Magnetic treatment can control the residual stress of non-ferromagnetic materials, but its dominant mechanism is different from ferromagnetic materials. When the superposition of magnetostriction and local stress is greater than the dislocation resistance considering for magnetoplastic effect, the residual stress relaxation can be started. The results provides theoretical basis and technical support for magnetic treatment to control residual stress in ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic materials.

Key words: magnetic treatment, residual stress, tension stress, mechanism, non-ferromagnetic

中图分类号:

TG156

宋和川, 周晓敏, 张清东, 熊青霞, 张勃洋. 磁处理对铁磁材料残余应力调控规律及机理研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(6): 174-183.

SONG Hechuan, ZHOU Xiaomin, ZHANG Qingdong, XIONG Qingxia, ZHANG Boyang. Control Law and Mechanism of Residual Stress in Ferromagnetic Material with Magnetic Treatment[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(6): 174-183.

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