一种质量可调准零刚度隔振系统设计及动力学特性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.01.209

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为降低大振幅激励与负载变化对隔振性能的影响，提出一种适应不同质量的新型准零刚度优化结构。通过静力学分析，推导系统在静平衡位置处具有较宽准零刚度区间的条件，同时为设计负载可调的隔振系统提供理论依据。运用谐波平衡法求解系统动力学方程，得到简谐激励下力传递率和系统幅频响应特性。通过仿真与实验对比分析新型准零刚度系统与线性系统的动力特性和隔振性能，仿真结果表明：新型隔振系统固有频率降低约53.8%，起始隔振频率降低约3.1 Hz，降低了56.4%，位移传递率峰值降低约57.8%；在不同振幅(1、5、10、15、20 mm)简谐激励下，起始隔振频率至少降低3 Hz，位移传递率峰值最大仅为3.2，对不同振幅起到稳定的隔振效果；不同负载下(30、26、20 N)，起始隔振频率与固有频率均仅变化0.3 Hz，且起始隔振频率最大降低约58.7%。实验结果表明：固有频率降低2 Hz，起始隔振频率减小3 Hz，其结果与仿真吻合。新型准零刚度系统可有效降低固有频率，减小起始隔振频率，同时可对大振幅振动和不同负载均起到良好的隔振效果。

关键词: 准零刚度, 质量可调, 低频隔振, ADAMS仿真

Abstract: In order to reduce the influence of large amplitude excitation and load change on vibration isolation performance, a new type of quasi-zero stiffness optimization structure suitable for different masses is proposed. Through static analysis, the condition that the system has a wide quasi-zero stiffness interval at the static equilibrium position is deduced, and at the same time, it provides theoretical basis for designing the vibration isolation system with adjustable load. The dynamic equation of the system is solved by harmonic balance method, and the force transmissibility and amplitude-frequency response characteristics of the system under simple harmonic excitation are obtained. The dynamic characteristics and vibration isolation performance of the new quasi-zero stiffness system and linear system are compared and analyzed by simulation and experiment. The simulation results show that the natural frequency of the new vibration isolation system is reduced by about 53.8%, the initial vibration isolation frequency is reduced by about 3.1 Hz, by 56.4%, and the displacement transmissibility peak value is reduced by about 57.8%. Under the harmonic excitation of different amplitudes (1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm), the initial vibration isolation frequency is reduced by at least 3 Hz, and the maximum displacement transmissibility peak is only 3.2, which has a stable vibration isolation effect for different amplitudes. Under different loads (30, 26 and 20 N), the initial vibration isolation frequency and natural frequency only changed by 0.3 Hz, and the initial vibration isolation frequency was reduced by about 58.7%. The experimental results show that the natural frequency is reduced by 2 Hz and the initial vibration isolation frequency is reduced by 3 Hz, which is consistent with the simulation. The new quasi-zero stiffness system can effectively reduce the natural frequency and the initial vibration isolation frequency, and at the same time, it can play a good role in vibration isolation for large amplitude vibration and different loads.

Key words: quasi zero stiffness, adjustable mass, low frequency vibration isolation, ADAMS simulation

中图分类号:

TH113

薛聪聪, 张万福, 田海洋, 李春. 一种质量可调准零刚度隔振系统设计及动力学特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(1): 209-219.

XUE Congcong, ZHANG Wanfu, TIAN Haiyang, LI Chun. Design and Dynamic Characteristics of a Quasi-zero Stiffness Vibration Isolation System with Adjustable Mass[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(1): 209-219.

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