• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (22): 385-402.doi: 10.3901/JME.2024.22.385

• 交叉与前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

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深海海底钻机钻探技术现状与发展趋势

万步炎1, 彭奋飞1,2, 金永平1, 彭佑多1, 刘德顺1   

  1. 1. 湖南科技大学海洋矿产资源探采装备与安全技术国家地方联合工程实验室 湘潭 411201;
    2. 湖南科技大学机电工程学院 湘潭 411201
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-06 修回日期:2024-07-26 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2025-01-02
  • 作者简介:万步炎,男,1964年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为海洋资源勘探技术、海洋采矿技术与装备、自动化仪器仪表、固体物料管道输送技术(矿山充填技术)。E-mail:cimrwby@vip.sina.com;彭奋飞,男,1993年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为海洋资源勘探技术、海洋采矿技术与装备、机械系统动力学与控制。E-mail:fenfeipeng@163.com;金永平(通信作者),男,1984年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为海底作业机器人研发、海洋矿产资源探采装备与技术深渊海底生物、沉积物取样技术与装备研发、机械系统动力学与控制。E-mail:jinyongping@hnust.edu.cn;彭佑多,男,1964年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为资源装备(太阳能资源与海洋资源)开发设计理论与关键技术。E-mail:ydpeng@hnust.edu.cn;刘德顺,男,1962年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为机械系统动力学、风电装备和矿山与海洋装备。E-mail:liudeshun@hnust.edu
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2805904)、国家自然科学基金(52275106)和湖南创新型省份建设专项经费(2020GK1021)资助项目。

Drilling Technology Status and Development Trends of Deep-sea Seafloor Drill

WAN Buyan1, PENG Fenfei1,2, JIN Yongping1, PENG Youduo1, LIU Deshun1   

  1. 1. National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources Exploration Equipment andSafety Technology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201;
    2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201
  • Received:2024-02-06 Revised:2024-07-26 Online:2024-11-20 Published:2025-01-02
  • About author:10.3901/JME.2024.22.385

摘要: 海底钻探取芯是开展海洋地质及环境科学研究、进行海洋矿产资源勘探和海底工程地质勘察所必备的关键技术,而海底钻机是深海钻探最具发展潜力的技术装备。首先,对世界几种主要深海海底钻机的现有技术特点与钻探案例进行阐述;然后,分深海海底浅孔钻机、深海海底中深孔钻机、深海海底深孔钻机以及深海海底超深孔钻机四个阶段系统总结中国深海海底钻机技术特点和钻机钻探取芯应用情况;最后,分析深海海底钻机的发展趋势以及面临的挑战——将朝着超水深、超钻深、高品质和多功能四个方向发展,以及面临材料、密封、支撑、收放等四个方面的挑战。通过全面综述国内外深海海底钻机的技术特点以及钻探现状为后续深海海底钻机的设计及研究提供参考依据。

关键词: 深海, 矿产资源, 海底钻机, 钻探取芯

Abstract: Subsea drilling and coring is the critical technology necessary to carry out marine geological and environmental scientific research, marine mineral resources exploration, and subsea engineering geological survey, and seafloor drill is the most promising technical equipment for deep-sea drilling. First, the existing technical characteristics and drilling cases of several major deep-sea seafloor drills in the world are described; Then, a systematic summary of the technical characteristics of Chinese deep-sea seafloor drills and the application of drilling and coring rigs in four stages: deep-sea seafloor shallow strata drill, deep-sea seafloor medium-deep strata drill, deep-sea seafloor deep strata drill, deep-sea seafloor ultra strata drill; Finally, the development trend and challenges faced by deep-sea seafloor drills are analyzed. These deep-sea seafloor drills are anticipated to evolve towards ultra-deepwater, ultra-deep drilling, high quality, and multi-functionality, while also encountering challenges in materials, sealing, support, and retrieval. A comprehensive review of the technical characteristics and current status of deep-sea seafloor drills domestically and internationally will provide a reference for the design and research of future deep-sea seafloor drills.

Key words: deep sea, mineral resources, seafloor drill, core drilling

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