低温冷风微量润滑磨削钛合金换热机理与对流换热系数模型

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.23.343

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 钛合金磨削过程中工件表面热损伤已成为亟需解决的技术难题。微量润滑技术应用于钛合金磨削是实现可持续制造的发展方向，但存在热耗散和润滑减摩能力不足的技术缺陷。利用多能场辅助加工是解决以上技术难题的必然选择，低温冷风取代常温空气携带微量润滑剂，可显著提高磨削区液膜换热和润滑性能。但润滑剂物理特性演变规律及磨削区液膜换热机理等科学问题尚需揭示。基于此，研究了润滑剂低温物理特性演变规律，建立了冷风温度与润滑剂物理参数的量化映射关系。分析了低温冷风微量润滑砂轮工件界面流动液膜换热规律，建立了磨削区流动液膜换热量理论模型。进一步，建立了不同冷风条件下润滑剂对流换热系数模型。进行了流动液膜对流换热系数和低温冷风微量润滑磨削钛合金换热性能验证实验，结果显示，对流换热系数理论值与测量值吻合，冷风温度为-10 ℃时，误差为 8.5%；工件表面温度实验值和理论值变化趋势吻合，磨削深度为30 μm、冷风温度为-40 ℃时，误差为7.7%。研究结果为低温冷风微量润滑磨削钛合金提高工件表面完整性提供技术支持。

关键词: 磨削, 钛合金, 微量润滑, 低温冷风, 换热机理

Abstract: Thermal damage of workpiece surface in titanium alloy grinding has become an urgent technical problem. The green clean minimum quantity lubrication technology has been applied to auxiliary grinding of titanium alloy, but it still has the defects of insufficient heat dissipation ability and limited lubrication antifriction ability. Using cryogenic air instead of normal temperature air to carry trace lubricating oil can significantly improve the heat transfer and lubrication performance of oil film in grinding zone. However, some scientific problems such as liquid film heat transfer law, workpiece surface temperature field distribution and evolution law of cryogenic lubricating oil physical characteristics still need to be revealed. Based on this, the evolution law of low temperature physical characteristics of lubricant is studied, and the quantitative mapping relationship between cold air temperature and physical parameters of lubricant is established. The heat transfer law of liquid film on workpiece interface of grinding wheel is analyzed and the theoretical model of heat transfer of liquid film in grinding zone is established. Furthermore, the model of convective heat transfer coefficient of lubricant under different cold wind conditions is established. The convective heat transfer coefficient of liquid film and the heat transfer performance of grinding titanium alloy assisted by cryogenic air minimum quantity lubrication are verified. The results show that the theoretical value of convective heat transfer coefficient is in good agreement with the measured value, and the error is 8.5%. The variation trend of the workpiece surface temperature is consistent with that of the theoretical value, when the cryogenic air temperature is -10 ℃. when the grinding depth is 30 μm and the cryogenic air temperature is -40 ℃, the error is 7.7%. The calculation accuracy meets the requirement. The results provide technical support for improving the surface integrity of titanium alloy grinding with cryogenic air minimum quantity lubrication.

Key words: grinding, titanium alloy, minimum quantity lubrication(MQL), cryogenic air, heat transfer mechanism

中图分类号:

TG580

刘明政, 李长河, 张彦彬, 杨敏, 崔歆, 李本凯, 高腾, 王大中, 安庆龙. 低温冷风微量润滑磨削钛合金换热机理与对流换热系数模型[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(23): 343-357.

LIU Mingzheng, LI Changhe, ZHANG Yanbin, YANG Min, CUI Xin, LI Benkai, GAO Teng, WANG Dazhong, AN Qinglong. Heat Transfer Mechanism and Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient Model of Cryogenic Air Minimum Quantity Lubrication Grinding Titanium Alloy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(23): 343-357.

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