钛酸锂动力电池针刺内短路试验与机理研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.22.111

机械工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (22): 111-123.doi: 10.3901/JME.2023.22.111

• 特邀专栏：动力电池安全应用技术 • 上一篇下一篇

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钛酸锂动力电池针刺内短路试验与机理研究

周兴振, 孙丙香, 张维戈, 王志豪, 黄勤河

北京交通大学国家能源主动配电网技术研发中心北京 100044

收稿日期:2022-11-22 修回日期:2023-05-08 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2024-02-19
通讯作者: 张维戈(通信作者)，男，1971年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为电动汽车充电站技术、电池管理系统、动力电池应用及评估技术。E-mail：wgzhang@bjtu.edu.cn
作者简介:周兴振，男，1990年出生，博士研究生。主要研究方向为动力电池安全评估与应用。E-mail：zhouxz@bjtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52177206)。

Experimental Study on the Mechanism of Internal Short Circuit by Nail Penetration for Lithium Titanate Power Battery

ZHOU Xingzhen, SUN Bingxiang, ZHANG Weige, WANG Zhihao, HUANG Qinhe

National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044

Received:2022-11-22 Revised:2023-05-08 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2024-02-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 电池内短路安全风险是评价电池安全特性的重要因素，通过对 4 种典型钛酸锂动力电池分别进行两种不同荷电状态下的针刺试验研究，分析钛酸锂动力电池在针刺内短路场景下的风险特性，并结合材料表征和伪 2 维(Pseudo-two-dimensions，P2D)模型仿真分析的手段研究电池针刺内短路过程的反应机理和影响因素。研究结果表明，钛酸锂电池由于负极材料较低的电导率，在针刺内短路场景下可以有效减小负极材料-正极集流体之间短路过程的电流密度，降低内短路风险，使钛酸锂电池具有较强的抗针刺滥用能力。在过充状态下针刺，不同类型钛酸锂电池反应剧烈程度差异明显，存在完全热失控、局部热失控、不热失控 3 种风险状态，电池反应剧烈程度受电池封装形式和隔膜类型的影响，分析证明电池针刺反应剧烈程度与隔膜陶瓷涂覆量呈负相关关系。研究结果为提升锂离子电池内短路安全设计提供了参考。

关键词: 钛酸锂, 动力电池, 针刺, 内短路

Abstract: The risk of battery internal short circuit is an important factor in evaluating the safety characteristics of batteries. Through the experimental study of four typical lithium titanate power batteries under two different charge states, the risk characteristics of lithium titanate power batteries in the needling internal short circuit scenario are analyzed, and the reaction mechanism and influencing factors are studied by combining material characterization and P2D model simulation analysis. The results of the study indicate that the lower conductivity of the negative material can effectively reduce the current density during the short-circuit process between the negative material and the positive collector, which reduces the risk of the internal short-circuit and makes the lithium titanate battery have a strong resistance to needling abuse. In the overcharge state needling, there are three risk states, which including complete thermal runaway, partial thermal runaway and no thermal runaway. The battery reaction intensity is affected by the battery packaging form and separator type, and it is proved that the battery reaction intensity is negatively correlated with the amount of separator ceramic coating. The research results provide a reference for improving the safety design of internal short circuit of the lithium-ion battery.

Key words: lithium titanate, power battery, nail penetration, internal short-circuit

中图分类号:

TG156

周兴振, 孙丙香, 张维戈, 王志豪, 黄勤河. 钛酸锂动力电池针刺内短路试验与机理研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(22): 111-123.

ZHOU Xingzhen, SUN Bingxiang, ZHANG Weige, WANG Zhihao, HUANG Qinhe. Experimental Study on the Mechanism of Internal Short Circuit by Nail Penetration for Lithium Titanate Power Battery[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(22): 111-123.

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钛酸锂动力电池针刺内短路试验与机理研究

Experimental Study on the Mechanism of Internal Short Circuit by Nail Penetration for Lithium Titanate Power Battery

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