全液体静压支承结构磨削系统的磨削成圆规律及圆度极限预测

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.21.085

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 主轴轴颈的圆度直接影响液体静压主轴系统的回转精度，要制造纳米级回转精度的液体静压主轴系统，必须不断提高主轴零件轴颈的圆度。目前国内外高精密磨床可实现的轴颈磨削圆度范围在0.2～0.5 μm，要想进一步提高轴颈磨削圆度，以上磨削方案已很难满足需要。基于此，系统研究头架主轴、尾架主轴和砂轮主轴均采用液体静压支承的全静压支承结构磨削系统的磨削成圆规律，探讨可能达到的圆度极限。首先建立计入头架主轴回转误差、尾架主轴回转误差、双顶尖不同轴误差、砂轮主轴回转误差和工件初始表面轮廓圆度误差的磨削系统耦合动力学模型；提出基于Newmark-β数值积分方法的“磨削力-瞬态磨削深度”循环迭代收敛算法，实现工件外圆轮廓形成过渡过程的定量仿真。研制全液体静压主轴支承结构磨削系统，通过磨削实验和磨削成圆仿真结论的对比，证实所建立模型和所提出算法的有效性。最后根据所提模型和仿真算法，研究各磨削系统误差对磨削圆度的影响规律，并在此基础上对可实现的磨削圆度极限进行了预测。

关键词: 精密磨削, 液体静压支承, 活动顶尖夹持, 磨削动力学模型, 磨削圆度极限

Abstract: The roundness of the spindle journals directly affects the rotary accuracy of the hydrostatic spindle system, and in order to manufacture a nano-level rotary accuracy of the hydrostatic spindle system, the roundness of the spindle journals must be continuously improved. At present, the highest accuracy of journal grinding roundness achievable by high-precision grinding machines ranges from 0.2-0.5 μm. To further improve the journal grinding roundness, the above grinding solutions can hardly meet the needs. Based on this, the grinding circularity law of the full hydrostatic support system with liquid hydrostatic support for the headstock spindle, tailstock spindle and grinding wheel spindle is systematically investigated, and explores the possible roundness limits. The coupled dynamics model of the grinding system, which takes into account the radial runout error of the headstock and tailstock spindles, the axis offset of the headstock and tailstock movable centers, the grinding wheel spindle runout error, and the initial workpiece profile roundness error, is firstly established. A quantitative simulation of the transition process of the workpiece external profile formation is realized by proposing a cyclic iterative convergence algorithm based on the Newmark-β numerical integration method. A full-liquid hydrostatic spindle support structure grinding system is developed, and the validity of the developed model and the proposed algorithm is confirmed by comparing the grinding experiments with the grinding roundness simulation conclusions. Finally, based on the proposed model and simulation algorithm, the influence law of each grinding system error on the grinding roundness is investigated, and the achievable grinding roundness limit is predicted on this basis.

Key words: precision grinding, liquid hydrostatic support, movable center clamping, grinding dynamics model, grinding circularity limit

中图分类号:

TH133
TG584

熊万里, 曾旭, 张翰乾, 李媛媛, 原帅, 金志鑫. 全液体静压支承结构磨削系统的磨削成圆规律及圆度极限预测[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(21): 85-98.

XIONG Wanli, ZENG Xu, ZHANG Hanqian, LI Yuanyuan, YUAN Shuai, JIN Zhixin. Grinding Rounding Law and Roundness Limit Prediction of Fully Hydrostatic Supported Grinding System[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(21): 85-98.

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