工程损伤理论：内涵、挑战与展望

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.16.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在航空航天、石油化工与能源动力等诸多领域,关键机械装备的长寿命高可靠运行需求与其严苛服役环境之间的矛盾日益凸显。一方面,基于单一损伤或失效模式的寿命设计方法无法涵盖多损伤交互模式和多尺度的损伤特性;另一方面,经典连续损伤理论无法很好地满足工程设计的需求。为了提高损伤理论的工程适用性和泛用性,工程损伤理论立足于机械装备的本质安全保障,在揭示材料性能退化和载荷变化等基础上,建立累积损伤-损伤阈值干涉准则以实现精准的寿命设计;评估机械装备服役过程中的损伤状态和剩余寿命,以支撑机械装备服役阶段的运维决策与管理。介绍工程损伤理论的科学内涵、梳理过去的发展历程并展望了未来的关键挑战。对应工程损伤理论的三个核心原则,重点回顾力学性能退化的损伤测试技术、考虑多机制交互的损伤评定方法以及面向工程对象的应用载体等方面的研究进展。在大数据的时代背景下,进一步研判了工程损伤理论在寿命管理发展方向上的机遇与挑战,以期实现数据驱动和物理损伤的深度融合,突破关键工程机械装备“损伤理论-信息科学-寿命设计-健康管理”的技术闭环瓶颈难题。

关键词: 工程损伤理论, 损伤测试, 软件集成, 可靠性评估, 健康管理

Abstract: In many fields such as aerospace, petrochemical and energy power, the contradiction between the need for long-life and high-reliability of critical mechanical equipment and their harsh service environment is increasingly evident. On the one hand,single-damage-driven or single-failure mode-driven life design methods can not cover multiple damage interaction modes and multi-scale damage characteristics at the current stage. On the other hand, classic continuum damage theory is not well suited to the needs of engineering design. In order to improve the engineering applicability and universality of damage theory, on the basis of revealing the degradation of material properties and load variations, the engineering damage theory based on the essential safety of mechanical structures is expected to achieve accurate life design by establishing the cumulative damage-damage threshold interference principle. It also evaluates the damage state and remaining life of mechanical equipment in service to facilitate the operation and maintenance management of mechanicalsystems. This paper introduces the scientific connotation of engineering damage theory, organizes the historical developments and looks into the future research challenges. In response to the three core principles of engineering damage theory, this paper focuses on a review of research advances in damage testing techniques for mechanical property degradation, damage evaluation methods considering multi-mechanism interactions, and application carriers for engineering objects. In the era of big data, this paper introduces the opportunities and challenges of engineering damage theory in the direction of life management development. It is expected to realize the in-depth integration between data driven and physical damage,and to break through the technical closure bottleneck challenges of monitoring science-equipment science-damage theory-information science-health management for key engineering mechanical equipment.

Key words: engineering damage theory, damage testing, software integration, reliability assessment, health management

中图分类号:

O346

张显程, 王润梓, 涂善东, 谷行行, 孙莉, 李凯尚. 工程损伤理论：内涵、挑战与展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(16): 2-17.

ZHANG Xiancheng, WANG Runzi, TU Shantung, GU Hanghang, SUN Li, LI Kaishang. Engineering Damage Theory:Connotation, Challenge and Prospect[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(16): 2-17.

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