机械工程学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (17): 191-205.doi: 10.3901/JME.2022.17.191
辛小鹏1,2, 谭建荣1, 刘振宇1, 隋永枫2, 丁骏2
收稿日期:
2021-06-15
修回日期:
2022-03-26
发布日期:
2022-11-07
作者简介:
辛小鹏,男,1984年出生,工程博士生,高级工程师。主要研究方向为能源装备透平机械数字孪生智能设计。E-mail:xinxiaopeng@zju.edu.cn;谭建荣,男,1954 年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师,中国工程院院士,中国机械工程学会副理事长。主要研究方向为复杂装备数字化设计与制造、机械设计及理论、复杂装备健康管理等。E-mail:egi@zju.edu.cn;隋永枫,男,1978年出生,博士,教授级高级工程师,博士生研究生导师。主要研究方向为高端透平装备研发设计。E-mail:suiyf@htc.cn;丁骏,男,1988年出生,博士。主要研究方向为燃气轮机压气机设计。E-mail:dingj@htc.cn
XIN Xiaopeng1,2, TAN Jianrong1, LIU Zhengyu1, SUI Yongfeng2, DING Jun2
Received:
2021-06-15
Revised:
2022-03-26
Published:
2022-11-07
Contact:
国家自然科学基金(51935009,51821093);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2021C01008)杭州市重大科技创新专项(20172011A02)资助项目。
摘要: 燃气轮机是多学科耦合的复杂产品,被称作装备制造业皇冠上的明珠。正向设计是燃气轮机研发的核心关键技术。目前,全球只有美国通用电气、德国西门子、日本三菱等少数几个能源装备巨头建立了相对成熟的燃气轮机正向设计体系,但这些企业都将正向设计作为关键核心技术不对外公开。燃气轮机正向设计要面向市场节能环保低排放需求,具备高温、高压、高效率、高可靠性、全生命周期低成本、智能化运维等设计特征。分析了国际燃气轮机主流厂家最新的燃气轮机设计产品的特点,构建了燃气轮机正向设计架构矩阵图谱,从设计任务、设计技术、设计软件、设计规范、设计集成5个维度分析了燃气轮机正向设计体系的现状,总结和展望了燃气轮机正向设计技术发展方向。
中图分类号:
辛小鹏, 谭建荣, 刘振宇, 隋永枫, 丁骏. 燃气轮机正向设计研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(17): 191-205.
XIN Xiaopeng, TAN Jianrong, LIU Zhengyu, SUI Yongfeng, DING Jun. Research Progress on Forward Design of Gas Turbine[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(17): 191-205.
[1] 蒋洪德. 加速推进重型燃气轮机核心技术研究开发和国产化[J]. 动力工程学报,2011,31(8):563-566. JIANG Hongde. Promote heavy duty gas turbine core technology development and industrial application in China[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2011,31(8):563-566. [2] National Academies of Sciences,Engineering,Medicine. Advanced technologies for gas turbines[EB/OL]. Washington,DC:The National Academies Press,2020. https://doi.org/10.17226/25630. [3] BANCALARI E,CHAN P,DIAKUNCHAK I S. Advanced hydrogen gas turbine development program[C]// Asme Turbo Expo:Power for Land,Sea,& Air,2007. [4] 蔡宁生,刘红,崔荣繁,等. 863燃气轮机专项进展[J]. 中国科技产业,2006(2):96-99. CAI Ningsheng,LIU Hong,CUI Rongfan,et al. The progress of gas turbine key project in the 10th five year plan period[J]. Science and Technology Industry of China,2006(2):96-99. [5] 蔡宁生,崔荣繁,陈克杰,等. R0110重型燃气轮机的自主研发[J]. 燃气轮机技术,2014,27(3):1-7. CAI Ningsheng,CUI Rongfan,CHEN Kejie,et al. Independent research and development of R0110 heavy duty gas turbine[J]. Gas Turbine Technology,2014,27(3):1-7. [6] 李孝堂. 燃气轮机的发展及中国的困局[J]. 航空发动机, 2011,37(3):1-7. LI Xiaotang. Development of gas turbine and dilemma in China[J]. Aeroengine,2011,37(3):1-7. [7] 蒋洪德. 重型燃气轮机的现状和发展趋势[J]. 热力透平,2012,41(2):83-88. JIANG Hongde. Development of the heavy-duty gas turbine[J]. Thermal Turbine,2012,41(2):83-88. [8] 孔祥林,田晓晶,程国强,等. 中国首台F级50MW重型燃气轮机的自主研制[J]. 天然气工业,2020,40(12):12-17. KONG Xianglin,TIAN Xiaojing,CHENG Guoqiang,et al. Independent development of the first F-class 50MW heavy-duty gas turbine in China[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2020,40(12):12-17. [9] 中国联合重型燃气轮机技术有限公司. 重燃专项介绍[EB/OL].http://www.ugtc.com.cn/. China United Heavy Gras Turbine Technology Co. Ltd. Special introduction to re-ignition[EB/OL]. http://www.ugtc.com.cn/. [10] 束国刚. 凝集重燃力量推进重大专项[J]. 国家治理, 2020(47):25-29. SHU Guogang. Gathering and rekindling power to promote major projects [J]. Governance,2020(47):25-29. [11] 倪维斗,焦树建. 我国发展燃气轮机的可行道路[J]. 上海汽轮机,2001(1):1-9. NI Weidou, JIAO Shujian. Feasible way to develop gas turbine in China [J]. Shanghai Turbine,2001(1):1-9. [12] 焦树建. 探讨21世纪上半叶我国燃气轮机发展的途 径[J]. 燃气轮机技术,2001,14(1):10-13. JIAO Shujian. Inquiring into the way of developing GT in the first half of century in China[J]. Gas Turbine Technology,2001,14(1):10-13. [13] GE Gas Power. 9HA gas turbine[EB/OL]. https://www. ge.com/gas-power/products/gas-turbines/9ha. [14] Siemens Energy. SGT5-9000HL Heavy-duty gas turbine[EB/OL]. https://www.siemens-energy.com/global/ en/offerings/power-generation/gas-turbines/sgt5-9000hl.html. [15] HADA S,YURI M,MASADA J,et al. Evolution and future trend of large frame gas turbines:a new 1600 degree C, J-Class gas turbine[C]// Asme Turbo Expo:Turbine Technical Conference & Exposition,2012,ASME Paper No. GT2012-68574:599-606. [16] Mitsubishi Power. M701J Series Gas Turbines[EB/OL]. https://power.mhi.com/products/gasturbines/lineup/m701j. [17] Ansaldo Energia. GT36:The Superior Value[EB/OL]. https://www.ansaldoenergia.com/business-lines/new-units/gas-turbines/gt36. [18] KURZKE J,RIEGLER C. A new compressor map scaling procedure for preliminary conceptional design of gas turbines[C]// Asme Turbo Expo:Power for Land,Sea,& Air,2000. [19] BOLEMAN M. An alternative compressor modeling method within gas turbine performance simulations[M]. Deutschland:Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress,2014. [20] SETHI V,DOULGERIS G,PILIDIS P,et al. The map fitting tool methodology:Gas turbine compressor off-design performance modeling[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery,2013,135(6):061010.1-061010.15. [21] YANG Q,LI S,CAO Y. A new component map generation method for gas turbine adaptation performance simulation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2017,31(4):1947-1957. [22] TSOUTSANIS E,MESKIN N,BENAMMAR M,et al. A component map tuning method for performance prediction and diagnostics of gas turbine compressors[J]. Applied Energy, 2014,135(C):572-585. [23] 谢志武,苏明,翁史烈. 燃气轮机仿真软件构造方法综述[J]. 海军工程大学学报,2000(2):1-7. XIE Zhiwu,SU Ming,WENG Shilie. Software construction methods for gas turbine engine simulation:A review[J]. Journal of Naval University of Engineering,2000(2):1-7. [24] PUGI L,GALARDI E,CARCASCI C,et al. Preliminary design and validation of a real time model for hardware in the loop testing of bypass valve actuation system[J]. Energy Conversion and Management,2015,92(3):366-384. [25] PUGI L,GALARDI E,PALLINI G,et al. Design and testing of a pulley and cable actuator for large ball valves[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part I Journal of Systems and Control Engineering,2016,230(i7):622-639. [26] 薛银春,孙健国. 燃气轮机控制技术综述[J]. 航空动力学报,2005,20(6):1066-1071. XUE Yinchun,SUN Jianguo. A survey of gas turbine control technique [J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,2005,20(6):1066-1071. [27] 黄乃成,吴庆礼,苏来进,等. 燃气轮机与新能源混合发电的互补性研究[J]. 中外能源,2020,25(12):10-15. HUANG Naicheng,WU Qingli,SU Laijin,et al. Research on complementarity of hybrid power generation of gas turbine and new energy[J]. Sino-global Energy,2020,25 (12):10-15. [28] 刘焕磊,陈冬,杨天锋,等. 太阳能燃气轮机发电技术综述[J]. 热力发电,2018,47(2):6-15,62. LIU Huanlei,CHEN Dong,YANG Tianfeng,et al. Solar gas turbine power generation technology:a review[J]. Thermal Power Generation,2018,47 (2):6-15,62. [29] SANZ W,JERICHA H,BAUER B,et al. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of two promising oxy-fuel power cycles for CO2 capture[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power,2008,130(3):161-173. [30] POULLIKKAS A. An overview of current and future sustainable gas turbine technologies[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,2005,9(5):409-443. [31] AL-ATTAB K A,ZAINAL Z A. Externally fired gas turbine technology:A review[J]. Applied Energy,2015,138(C):474-487. [32] OLUMAYEGUN O,WANG M,KELSALL G. Closed- cycle gas turbine for power generation:A state-of-the-art review[J]. Fuel,2016,180(15):694-717. [33] MÜ LLER C,SIKORSKI S,PASSRUCKER H,et al. New design and manufacturing concepts for aero engine compressor components[C] // Proceedings of the17th International Symposium on Air Breathing Engines,2005,ISABE Paper No. 2005-1077. [34] DICKENS T,DAY I. The design of highly loaded axial compressors[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery,2011,133(3):57-67. [35] 李清华,刘昭威. 可控扩散叶型全3维黏性反问题设计方法[J]. 航空发动机,2019,45(1):6-11. LI Qinghua,LIU Zhaowei. Full three-dimensional viscous inverse design method of controlled diffusion airfoil[J]. Aeroengine,2019,45 (1):6-11. [36] LI A,ZHU Y,LI W,et al. An improved inverse method for multirow blades of turbomachinery[J]. Archive Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2020,234(22):095440622092445. [37] HACKNEY R,NIKOLAIDIS T,PELLEGRINI A. A method for modelling compressor bleed in gas turbine analysis software[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2020,172:115087. [38] LEI V M,SPAKOVSZKY Z S,GREITZER E M. A criterion for axial compressor hub-corner stall[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery,2008,130(3):475-486. [39] TAYLOR J V,MILLER R J. Competing three-dimensional mechanisms in compressor flows[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery,2017,139(2):021009. [40] WOOLLATT G,LIPPETT D,IVEY P C,et al. The design,development and evaluation of 3D aerofoils for high speed axial compressors:Part 2-simulation and comparison with experiment[C]//ASME Turbo Expo,2005,ASME Paper No. GT2005-68793. [41] 袁新. 燃气轮机气动热力相关部分问题研究[J]. 热力透平,2006,35(2):65-73,78. YUAN Xin. Research of some aerodynamics problems relative to gas turbine[J]. Thermal Turbine,2006,35(2):65-73,78. [42] 付镇柏,蒋洪德,张珊珊,等. G/H级燃气轮机燃烧室技术研发的分析与思考[J]. 燃气轮机技术,2015,28(4):1-9,21. FU Zhenbo,JIANG Hongde,ZHANG Shanshan,et al. Analysis and deliberation upon combustor technology development for the G/H class gas turbine[J]. Gas Turbine Technology,2015,28(4):1-9,21. [43] 赵刚,朱华昕,李苏辉,等. 基于数据和神经网络的燃气轮机NOx排放预测与优化[J]. 动力工程学报,2021,41(1):22-27. ZHAO Gang,ZHU Huaxin,LI Suhui,et al. NOx emission prediction and optimization for gas turbines based on data and neural network[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2021,41(1):22-27. [44] KREWINKEL R. A review of gas turbine effusion cooling studies[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2013,66(11):706-722. [45] BOGARD D G,THOLE K A. Gas turbine film cooling[J]. Journal of Propulsion & Power,2012,22(2):249-270. [46] HORLOCK J H,WATSON D T,JONES T V. Limitations on gas turbine performance imposed by large turbine cooling flows[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power,2001,123(3):487-494. [47] ODEMONDO V,ABBA L,ABRAM R. Implementation of wide diffusion angle V-shaped holes for gas turbine cooling:Design phase and numerical simulation[C]// ASME Turbo Expo 2020:Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, 2020,GT2020-15171. [48] DAMIOLA L,BOFFADOSSI M,PII L M,et al. Aerothermal simulation of gas turbine blade cooling channel using Lattice-Boltzmann method[J]. International Journal of Modern Physics C,2021,32(6):1-16. [49] STRAUWALD M,ABRAM C,SANDER T,et al. Time-resolved temperature and velocity field measurements in gas turbine film cooling flows with mainstream turbulence[J]. Experiments in Fluids,2021,62(1):3. [50] SCHOBEIRI M T,ATTIA M,LIPPKE C. GETRAN:A generic,modularly structured computer code for simulation of dynamic behavior of aero- and power generation gas turbine engines[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power,1994,116(3):494-483. [51] CHAIBAKHSH A,AMIRKHANI S,et al. A simulation model for transient behaviour of heavy-duty gas turbines[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2018,132:115-127. [52] ARABI AF,SHOJAEI S,ZARE M,et al. Assessment of the fuzzy ARTMAP neural network method performance in geological mapping using satellite images and Boolean logic[J]. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2019,16:3829-3838. [53] PAHLAVANI H,DEHGHANI A A,BAHREMAND A R, et al. Intelligent estimation of flood hydrographs using an adaptive neuro–fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)[J]. Modeling Earth Systems & Environment,2017,3(1):35. [54] UZOL O. A new high-fidelity transient aerothermal model for real-time simulations of the T700 helicopter turboshaft engine[J]. Journal of Thermal Sciences and Technology, 2011,31(1):37-44. [55] GHORBANIAN K,GHOLAMREZAEI M. An artificial neural network approach to compressor performance prediction[J]. Applied Energy,2009,86(7-8):1210-1221. [56] ASGARI H,CHEN X. Gas turbines modeling,simulation,and control[M]. Boca Raton:CRC Press,2015. [57] 应雨龙,李靖超,庞景隆,等. 基于热力模型的燃气轮机气路故障预测诊断研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报,2019,39(3):731-744. YING Yulong,LI Jingchao,PANG Jinglong,et al. Review of gas turbine gas-path fault diagnosis and prognosis based on thermal model[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2019,39(3):731-744. [58] 王铁军,范学领,孙永乐,等. 重型燃气轮机高温透平叶片热障涂层系统中的应力和裂纹问题研究进展[J]. 固体力学学报,2016,37(6):477-517. WANG Tiejun,FAN Xueling,SUN Yongle,et al. The stresses and cracks in thermal barrier coating system:A review[J]. Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics,2016,37 (6):477-517. [59] 范学领,李定骏,吕伯文,等. 国之重器,十载砥砺——重型燃气轮机制造基础研究进展[J]. 中国基础科学,2018,20(2):32-40. FAN Xueling,LI Dingjun,LÜ Bowen,et al. Advances in the fundamentals of the manufacture of industrial gas turbine[J]. China Basic Science,2018,20 (2):32-40. [60] 林浩,耿海鹏,周西锋. 重型燃气轮机叶片离心载荷下应力特性的研究[J]. 机械工程学报,2017,53(22):212-218. LIN Hao,GENG Haipeng,ZHOU Xifeng. Stress characteristics study of heavy-duty gas turbine blade under centrifugal load[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53 (22):212-218 [61] GRIEVES,MICHAEL W. Product lifecycle management: the new paradigm for enterprises[J]. International Journal of Product Development,2005,2(1/2):71-84. [62] SCHLEICH B,ANWER N,MATHIEU L,et al. Shaping the digital twin for design and production engineering[J]. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,2017,66(1):141-144. [63] BRUSA E. Digital twin:Towards the integration between system design and RAMS assessment through the model-based systems engineering[J]. IEEE Systems Journal,2020,99:1-12. [64] GLAESSGEN E,STARGEL D. The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles[C]//AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures,Structural Dynamics & Materials Conference AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference Aiaa,2012. [65] TAO F,SUI F,LIU A,et al. Digital twin-driven product design framework[J]. International Journal of Production Research,2019,57(11-12):3935-3953. [66] SCHLEICH B,ANWER N,MATHIEU L,et al. Shaping the digital twin for design and production engineering[J]. CIRP Annals,2017 66(1):141-144. [67] ZHUANG C,LIU J,XIONG H. Digital twin-based smart production management and control framework for the complex product assembly shop-floor[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2018,96:1149-1163. [68] TAO F,ZHANG M,LIU Y,et al. Digital twin driven prognostics and health management for complex equipment[J]. CIRP Annals,2018,67(1):169-172. [69] WANASINGHE T R,WROBLEWSKI L,PETERSEN B, et al. Digital twin for the oil and gas industry:Overview,research trends,opportunities,and challenges[J]. IEEE Access, 2020,8:104175-104197. [70] TUEGEL E J,INGRAFFEA A,EASON T G,et al. Reengineering aircraft structural life prediction using a digital twin[J]. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2011,2011(1687-5966). [71] ROSSINI R,CONZON D,PRATO G,et al. REPLICA: A solution for next generation IoT and digital twin based fault diagnosis and predictive maintenance[C]// Conference on Security,Artificial Intelligence,and Modeling for the Next Generation Internet of Things,2020. [72] PLIEGO M A,GARCÍA,PINAR P,et al. A survey of artificial neural network in wind energy systems[J]. Applied Energy,2018,228(C):1822-1836. [73] VICTORINO J,RIBEIRO E,SILVA R,et al. Industry 4.0-digital twin applied to direct digital manufacturing[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials,2019,890:54-60. [74] MICHAEL G. Digital twin:Manufacturing excellence through virtual factory replication[R]. White Paper,2014. [75] HU W,HE Y,LIU Z,et al. Towards a digital twin: Time series prediction based on a hybrid ensemble empirical mode decomposition and BO-LSTM neural networks[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design,2020,143(5):1-51. [76] DOUCOURE B,AGBOSSOU K,CARDENAS A. Time series prediction using artificial wavelet neural network and multi-resolution analysis:Application to wind speed data[J]. Renewable Energy,2016,92(C):202-211. [77] SCHROEDER G N,STEINMETZ C,PEREIRA C E,et al. Digital twin data modeling with automationML and a communication methodology for data exchange[J]. IFAC-Papers OnLine,2016,49(30):12-17. [78] ZACCARIA V,STENFELT M,ASLANIDOU I,et al. Fleet monitoring and diagnostics framework based on digital twin of aero-engine[C]// Asme Turbo Expo,2018,GT2018-76414. [79] LI C,MAHADEVAN S,YOU L,et al. Dynamic bayesian network for aircraft wing health monitoring digital twin[J]. AIAA Journal,2017,55(3):1-12. [80] GE Digital. Digitize assets and processes to enable better industrial outcomes. 2018 WHITE PAPER[EB/OL]. https://www.ge.com/digital/applications/digital-twin. [81] WEBER A. GE 'predix' the future of manufacturing[J]. Assembly,2017,60(3):GE70-GE76. [82] Siemens. A Practical Guide to Digitalization for the Power Industry. 2017 WHITE PAPER[EB/OL]. https://www. plm.automation.siemens.com/global/en/our-story/glossary/digital-twin/24465. [83] Siemens. Engineering lifecycle management[EB/OL]. https://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/global/en/industries/energy-utilities/engineering-lifecycle-management.html. |
[1] | 周祖德, 姚碧涛, 谭跃刚, 刘明尧, 李天梁, 魏勤. 光纤传感在制造领域应用的分析与思考[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(8): 3-26. |
[2] | 周敬森, 魏金萧, 谢刚文, 冉立, 张友强, 胡嘉渝. 含大规模新能源接入的交直流输电系统数字孪生平台架构设计*[J]. 电气工程学报, 2022, 17(3): 219-226. |
[3] | 张超, 周光辉, 李晶晶, 魏智博, 常丰田. 新一代信息技术赋能的数字孪生制造单元系统关键技术及应用研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(16): 329-343. |
[4] | 黄彬彬, 张映锋, 黄博, 任杉, 史丽春. 数字孪生驱动的复杂产品智能运维服务体系与核心技术[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(12): 250-260. |
[5] | 宋学官, 来孝楠, 何西旺, 杨亮亮, 孙伟, 郭东明. 重大装备形性一体化数字孪生关键技术[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(10): 298-325. |
[6] | 孟博洋, 李茂月, 刘献礼, WANG Lihui, LIANG S Y, 王志学. 机床智能控制系统体系架构及关键技术研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(9): 147-166. |
[7] | 刘世民, 孙学民, 陆玉前, 王柏村, 鲍劲松, 郭国强. 知识驱动的加工产品数字孪生拟态建模方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(23): 182-194. |
[8] | 付洋, 曹宏瑞, 郜伟强, 高文辉. 数字孪生驱动的航空发动机涡轮盘剩余寿命预测[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(22): 106-113. |
[9] | 李莎莎, 舒亮, 杨艳芳, 陈定方. 逻辑与模型数据并行计算的数字孪生车间系统快速架构方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(17): 76-85. |
[10] | 江献良, 陈凌宇, 郑杰基, 谭若愚, 李宝宇, 范大鹏. 基于数字孪生模型的直驱部件高精度控制方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(17): 98-109. |
[11] | 王康康, 王小威, 温建锋, 张显程, 巩建鸣, 涂善东. 蠕变断裂:从物理失效机制到结构寿命预测[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(16): 132-152. |
[12] | 冯毅雄, 邱皓, 高一聪, 郑浩, 曾思远, 谭建荣. N-1型多面体夹芯结构体胞演化机理与性能正向设计[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(1): 119-131. |
[13] | 郭飞燕, 刘检华, 邹方, 翟雨农, 王仲奇, 李少卓. 数字孪生驱动的装配工艺设计现状及关键实现技术研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(17): 110-132. |
[14] | 邓少平,康慨,熊力,曲名新,翟学,王羽. 风电场接地系统辅助设计软件的研发[J]. 电气工程学报, 2018, 13(3): 42-48. |
[15] | 林浩, 耿海鹏, 周西锋. 重型燃气轮机叶片离心载荷下应力特性的研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2017, 53(22): 212-218. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||