• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (24): 151-160.doi: 10.3901/JME.2017.24.151

• 运载工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

高速列车车体加速寿命试验载荷谱编制及分析

卢耀辉1, 张醒1, 张舒翔1, 曾京2, 党林媛1   

  1. 1. 西南交通大学机械工程学院 成都 610031;
    2. 西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室 成都 610031
  • 收稿日期:2016-10-08 修回日期:2017-08-19 发布日期:2017-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 卢耀辉(通信作者),男,1973年出生,博士,副教授。主要研究方向为车辆振动疲劳可靠性、焊接结构耐久性及车辆空气动力学。E-mail:yhlu2000@swjtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51275428,U1334206)和大学生科研训练计划(201610613033)资助项目。

Load Spectrum Compilation and Analysis of Acceleration Life Test for High Speed Train Carbody

LU Yaohui1, ZHANG Xing1, ZHANG Shuxiang1, ZENG Jing2, DANG Linyuan1   

  1. 1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031;
    2. Traction Power State Key Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031
  • Received:2016-10-08 Revised:2017-08-19 Published:2017-12-20

摘要: 铝合金车体是高速列车的关键核心部件,设计中需要满足超长疲劳寿命要求。工程中,为避免实际运行中发生疲劳失效,同时降低试验成本,常采用加速寿命试验方法。采用车辆系统动力学方法计算获得车体随机载荷谱,对载荷谱进行处理,得到载荷频次图;基于FKM标准,编制三种载荷比下1×107次循环对应的车体加速载荷谱;采用有限元法,分别施加三种载荷比条件下的载荷谱,得到对应的加速系数;分别采用线性及非线性损伤累积理论,分析载荷块谱的加载顺序对车体损伤累积的影响。得出结论:在原始载荷谱和加速载荷谱作用下,车体结构各点疲劳损伤均小于1,满足设计要求;分别提高载荷比至P=1/3和P=2/3,对应的加速系数为12.75和218.65;载荷谱加载顺序对车体疲劳累积损伤有影响:以P=2/3为例,高-低顺序载荷谱循环632次时,损伤值累积达1,而对应相同的损伤值,低-高顺序载荷谱仅需要循环614次。结果表明车体承受载荷存在低应力幅占优的特点,即低-高加载顺序具有更好的加速效果。对车体加速寿命试验载荷谱的编制及分析方法研究,为车体台架疲劳试验提供理论依据及科学指导。

关键词: 高速列车车体, 加速寿命试验, 加速系数, 疲劳损伤, 载荷谱

Abstract: Aluminum alloy carbody is the key component of high speed train,the design of carbody needs to meet the requirements of ultra long fatigue life.In order to avoid fatigue failure and reduce test cost,the accelerated life test method is often used.The vehicle random load spectrum is calculated by the vehicle system dynamics method,load frequency diagram is obtained after processing load spectrum.Based on the FKM standard,acceleration load spectrums with 1×107 cycles under three load ratio is made.Using the finite element method,the spectrum under three load ratio are applied to calculate the acceleration coefficient respectively.Based on linear and nonlinear cumulative damage theory,the effect of load spectrum loading sequence on accumulation of carbody damage is analyzed.The results show that the carbody structure fatigue damage is less than 1 when applied the original load spectrum and acceleration load,meeting the design requirements.Raising the load ratio to P=1/3 and P=2/3 respectively,the acceleration coefficient is corresponding to 12.75 and 218.65.The sequence of load spectrum loading has an effect on body fatigue cumulative damage,taking P=2/3 for example,the damage value accumulated up to 1 when high-low load spectrum cycles 632 times,while low-high load spectrum cycles only 614 times to reach the same damage value.It can be concluded that the vehicle load has the characteristics of low stress amplitude dominant,low-high loading sequence has better acceleration effect.Research on the Compiling and analysis method of the acceleration load spectrum of the carbody provides the theoretical basis and scientific guidance for the fatigue test of the carbody.

Key words: acceleration factor, acceleration life test, fatigue damage, high speed train, load spectrum

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