排布方式对铝合金激光-MIG复合横向焊接特性的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2016.10.084

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用常规激光-熔化极惰性气体保护电弧(Metal inert gas, MIG)复合横向焊接铝合金过程中,焊缝表面极易出现咬边和下塌等缺陷,由此开展排布方式对激光-MIG电弧复合横向焊接铝合金焊接特性的影响研究。分析二者的排布方式对熔池特征、熔滴过渡形式以及焊缝成形规律的影响。试验结果表明,异面引导复合焊接方式对焊缝成形有明显改善作用,焊缝表面熔宽减少、中心线偏移和咬边缺陷得到有效抑制。采用同面引导复合方式时,熔滴过渡到匙孔后方,熔池下侧熔融金属大量堆积并产生周期性的波动,导致焊缝结晶组织出现了分层现象;而采用异面引导复合方式时,熔滴过渡到匙孔下方,并且熔滴在熔池中的落点位置与同面引导方式相比要偏上,熔滴过渡频率稍低,此时熔池中熔融金属分布较为均匀,熔池下部堆积金属较少,有效抑制了焊缝的下塌和咬边缺陷。

关键词: 焊接特性, 横向焊接, 激光-MIG复合焊接, 铝合金, 排布方式

Abstract: Aiming at the defects such as undercut and collapse on weld seam surface in the conventional laser-metal inert gas(MIG) hybrid horizontal welding process of aluminum alloy, study upon the characteristics of different arrangements on laser-MIG hybrid horizontal welding of aluminum alloy is conducted. The experimental results show that, non-coplanar leading hybrid welding could reduce the weld width, improve the weld formation and effectively suppress the centerline deviation and undercut defect. When adopting the coplanar arrangement hybrid welding, the droplet transferred into the rear of keyhole, and the accumulation of the molten metal appearing in the lower areas of the pool with periodic fluctuation resulted in the stratification of weld solidification structure. However, when adopting the non-coplanar arrangement way, the droplet transferred below the keyhole and the landing position of droplets in the molten pool was above the coplanar leading way. In addition, the droplet transition frequency is slightly lower, which lead to a more uniform distribution of molten metal in the molten pool, and the accumulation metal in the lower areas decreased, effectively suppressing the undercut and collapse defects.

Key words: aluminum alloy, arrangement, horizontal welding, laser-MIG hybrid welding, welding characteristics

中图分类号:

TG456

陈彦宾, 雷正龙, 杨雨禾, 陈曦, 李颖. 排布方式对铝合金激光-MIG复合横向焊接特性的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2016, 52(10): 84-90.

CHEN Yanbin, LEI Zhenglong, YANG Yuhe, CHEN Xi, LI Ying. Influence of Arrangement on Laser-MIG Hybrid Horizontal Welding Characteristics of Aluminum Alloy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 52(10): 84-90.

参考文献

[1] 郭宁. 旋转电弧窄间隙横向焊接熔池行为与控制研究[D]. 哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学,2009.
GUO Ning. Research on molten pool behaviour and control technology of rotating arc narrow gap horizontal welding[D]. Harbin：Harbin Institute of Technology,2009.
[2] 张勤练,杨春利,林三宝. 2A14铝合金变极性等离子横向焊缝成形特点[J]. 焊接学报,2013,34(9)：79-82.
ZHANG Qinlian,YANG Chunli,LIN Sanbao. Characteristics of weld formation in variable polarity plasma arc horizontal welding of 2A14 aluminum alloy[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2013,34(9)：79-82.
[3] 高莹,李桓,孙勃. 脉冲埋弧横焊工艺在石油储罐焊接中的应用[J]. 焊接学报,2008,29(3)：149-152.
GAO Ying,LI Huan,SUN Bo. Horizontal welding of pulsed submerged arc welding and its application in oil tank manufacturing[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2008,29(3)：149-152.
[4] ULRICH D,FRIEDRICH E,HIRSCH P,et al. Process for the submerged-arc welding of light metals such as aluminum and aluminum alloys：U.S.,4368371[P]. 1983-01-11.
[5] 王会霞,王军,胡云岩. 双脉冲MAG横焊工艺的研究[J]. 铸造技术,2009,30(1)：95-97.
WANG Huixia,WANG Jun,HU Yunyan. Study on the double pulse horizontal position MAG welding process[J]. Foundry Technology,2009,30(1)：95-97.
[6] 王军,陈树君,卢振洋. 磁场控制横向MAG焊接焊缝成型工艺的研究[J]. 北京工业大学学报,2003,29(2)：147-150.
WANG Jun,CHEN Shujun,LU Zhenyang. Study on the electromagnetically controlled horizontal position MAG welding process[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2003,29(2)：147-150.
[7] YUKIO M,SATORU Z,HIROMOTO Y,et al. Method of welding in the horizontal position and welding apparatus therefor：U.S.,6023043[P]. 2000-02-08.
[8] 郭宁,林三宝,张亚奇. 旋转电弧横向GMAW接头组织及成形特点[J]. 焊接学报,2009,30(8)：101-104.
GUO Ning,LIN Sanbao,ZHANG Yaqi. Microstructure and formation characteristics of rotating arc horizontal GMAW joint[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2009,30(8)：101-104.
[9] YANG C L,GUO N,LIN S B. Application of rotating arc system to horizontal narrow gap welding[J]. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2009,14(2)：172-177.
[10] GUO N,LIN S B,ZHANG L,et al. Metal transfer characteristics of rotating arc narrow gap horizontal GMAW[J]. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2009,14(8)：760-764.
[11] EMILIE L G,MURIEL C,FABBRO R,et al. 3D heat transfer model of hybrid laser Nd:YAG-MAG welding of S355 steel and experimental validation[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2011,54：1313-1322.
[12] KAH P,SALMINEN A,MARTIKAINEN J. The Effect of the relative location of laser beam with arc in different hybrid welding processes[J]. Mechanika,2010,83(3)：68-74.
[13] CHO M H,FARSON D,LIM Y C,et al. Hybrid laser/arc welding process for controlling bead profile[J]. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2007,12(8)：677-688.
[14] LIU S Y,LIU F D,ZHANG H,et al. Analysis of droplet transfer mode and forming process of weld bead in CO 2 laser-MAG hybrid welding process[J]. Optics & Laser Technology,2012,44：1019-1025.
[15] 雷正龙,陈彦宾,李利群,等. CO 2 激光-MIG复合焊接射滴过渡的熔滴特性[J]. 应用激光,2004,24(6)：361-364.
LEI Zhenglong,CHEN Yanbin,LI Liqun,et al. Characteristics of droplet transfer in CO 2 laser-MIG hybrid welding with projected mode[J]. Applied Laser,2004,24(6)：361-364.
[16] 雷正龙,李俐群,陈彦宾. 激光-MIG复合热源焊接熔滴过渡力学行为分析[J]. 中国激光,2007,34(增刊)：259-263.
LEI Zhenglong,LI Liqun,CHEN Yanbin. Study on droplet transfer mechanical behavior in laser-MIG hybrid welding process[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers,2007,34(Suppl.)：259-263.