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机械工程学报

机械工程学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (24): 1-23.doi: 10.3901/JME.2016.24.001

• 异种材料的焊接与连接专栏 •    下一篇

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轻量化多材料汽车车身连接技术进展*

李永兵1,2, 马运五1,2, 楼铭2, 雷海洋1,2, 林忠钦1,2   

  1. 1. 上海交通大学机械系统与振动国家重点实验室 上海 200240；
    2. 上海交通大学上海市复杂薄板结构数字化制造重点实验室 上海 200240
  • 出版日期:2016-12-15 发布日期:2016-12-15
  • 作者简介:

    李永兵(通信作者)，男，1975年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为轻量化车身先进焊接与连接工艺。

    E-mail：yongbinglee@sjtu.edu.cn

  • 基金资助:
    * 国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1564204，51322504，51275300，51375308，51421092); 20160628收到初稿，20160829收到修改稿;

Advances in Welding and Joining Processes of Multi-material Lightweight Car Body

LI Yongbing1,2, MA Yunwu1,2, LOU Ming2, LEI Haiyang1,2, LIN Zhongqin1,2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration， Shanghai Jiao Tong University， Shanghai 200240
    , 2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacture for Thin-walled Structures，
  • Online:2016-12-15 Published:2016-12-15

PDF

661

摘要：

轻量化作为汽车节能减排的重要手段，得到世界各国的高度重视。综合考虑成本、性能及轻量化效果，采用多材料混合车身设计成为未来最为重要的车身轻量化手段。然而，异质材料物理属性差异大，采用传统电阻点焊技术难以实现可靠连接，使得轻量化多材料混合车身的装配面临巨大挑战。通过对比分析典型异质材料之间的物理属性差异，提出异质材料连接必须面临和解决的三大科学挑战，即界面硬脆相问题、电化学腐蚀问题以及变形和应力问题。在此基础上，对机械连接、熔钎焊、固相焊、胶接等四类异质材料连接工艺的研究进展、优缺点、应用现状以及发展趋势等进行综合分析和评价，旨在为多材料汽车车身的设计与制造提供借鉴。

关键词: 多材料汽车车身, 固相焊, 机械连接, 胶接, 熔钎焊, 异质材料连接, 轻量化

Abstract:

Vehicle lightweighting, as an important means for energy saving and emission reduction, has drawn great attention from all over the world. Considering cost, performance and effect of the lightweighting, a mixed use of different materials, e.g. multi-material design, has become the most significant method of vehicle body lightweighting in the future. However, due to the large difference in physical properties of dissimilar materials, traditional resistance spot welding process can hardly be used to obtain reliable joints, which is posing new challenges to the assembly of multi-material vehicle body. Through comparing and analyzing the differences in physical properties of typical dissimilar materials, three major scientific problems that must be faced and solved for the welding and joining of dissimilar materials are proposed, i.e., hard and brittle phases at faying surface, galvanic corrosion and distortion and stress. The research progress, advantages, disadvantages, application status and development trends of four kinds of dissimilar material joining processes, i.e., mechanical joining, welding-brazing, solid-state welding and adhesive bonding were analyzed and evaluated, aiming at providing useful references to the design and manufacturing of lightweight vehicle bodies.

Key words: Shanghai 200240), Shanghai Jiao Tong University

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