AI赋能的机械传动技术范式重构：瓶颈突破与自主创新体系演进

doi:10.3901/JME.260370

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为高端装备的“核心功能单元”，机械传动的技术水平直接决定了航空航天、人形机器人等装备的性能与可靠性，其自主创新能力的提升是国家现代化建设与产业升级的迫切需求。系统梳理了机械传动领域前沿技术的发展现状与趋势，聚焦材料、设计、制造、检测与智能运维五大核心维度，给出当前制约技术深层发展和产业升级的关键瓶颈问题与核心发展挑战。为突破长期存在的技术瓶颈与困境，提出构建以材料、设计、制造、检测与运维全链条协同创新体系为核心的突破路径，通过融合材料基因工程驱动设计、自主构型创新、数字孪生工艺优化及智能运维数据闭环反馈，形成创新驱动生态。以高端化、智能化及绿色化协同演进为特征的技术范式，旨在推动机械传动产业从被动替代到主动引领的战略转型，着力攻克功率密度、动态精度及服役可靠性等关键瓶颈难题，深度融合人工智能与先进材料技术，系统性重构机械传动创新发展的技术体系，为制造业转型升级提供核心技术基础。

关键词: 机械传动, 技术瓶颈, 协同创新体系, 人工智能

Abstract: As the “functional cornerstone” of high-end equipment, the technological level of mechanical transmission directly determines the performance and reliability of critical equipment in strategic domains such as aerospace and humanoid robotics. Enhancing its independent innovation capacity is an urgent requirement for national modernization and industrial upgrading. This paper systematically reviews the current status and trends of cutting-edge technologies in the mechanical transmission field, focusing on five core dimensions: materials, design, manufacturing, testing, and intelligent operation & maintenance (O&M). It identifies key bottleneck problems and core developmental challenges currently constraining deeper technological advancement and industrial upgrading. To break through long-standing technical bottlenecks and dilemmas, this study proposes a breakthrough pathway centered on constructing a synergistic innovation system encompassing the entire chain of materials, design, manufacturing, testing, and O&M. This pathway fosters an innovation-driven ecosystem by integrating Material Genome Initiative-enabled design, independent configuration innovation, digital twin-based process optimization, and closed-loop feedback from intelligent O&M data. Characterized by the synergistic evolution towards " high-end, intelligent, and greening," this new technological paradigm aims to propel the high-end transmission industry towards a strategic pivot from passive substitution to active leadership. It not only focuses on overcoming critical performance bottlenecks such as power density, dynamic accuracy, and service reliability but also deeply integrates artificial intelligence and advanced materials technology to systematically reconstruct the technological system for the innovative development of mechanical transmission. Provide a core technological foundation for the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry.

Key words: mechanical transmission, technical bottleneck, synergistic innovation system, artificial intelligence

中图分类号:

TH132

王树新, 魏静, 陈思宇, 唐明海. AI赋能的机械传动技术范式重构：瓶颈突破与自主创新体系演进[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(7): 150-168.

WANG Shuxin, WEI Jing, CHEN Siyu, TANG Minghai. Reconstruction of AI-enabled Mechanical Transmission Technology Paradigm: Bottleneck Breakthrough and the Evolution of an Independent Innovation System[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(7): 150-168.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260370

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I7/150

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