先进材料增材制造研究与发展

doi:10.3901/JME.260069

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 先进材料是指具有优异性能的新型材料，其特征包括高强度、耐极端温度、高生物相容性等，或者具备自修复、形状记忆和环境响应等特殊功能，已经成为支撑先进制造领域发展的关键基础。但由于先进材料存在高硬度、高熔点、高脆性等特性，采用传统加工方法成形的弊端逐渐显露。基于材料逐层累积成形的增材制造技术尤其适用于先进材料成形复杂三维结构，在产品研发和行业应用方面均取得了显著的进展。因此，综述了先进材料增材制造研究与发展。首先，阐述了先进材料与增材制造的相关概念，分析二者协同的发展前景；其次，基于不同的成形原理，重点介绍了各类先进材料增材制造的发展现状与技术优势；然后系统地梳理了先进材料体系，总结其在增材制造领域的应用现状；随后展示了该技术在工程领域的应用现状；最后探讨了该技术现存问题，并对未来发展方向进行展望。

关键词: 先进材料, 增材制造, 快速原型, 3D打印

Abstract: Advanced materials are new materials with excellent properties, which are characterized by high strength, extreme temperature resistance, high biocompatibility, or special functions such as self-healing, shape memory and environmental response. Advanced materials have become the key foundation to support the development of high-end manufacturing. However, due to the high hardness, high melting point, high brittleness and other characteristics of advanced materials, the disadvantages of traditional processing methods are gradually revealed. The additive manufacturing technology based on material layer by layer cumulative forming is especially suitable for advanced materials to form complex three-dimensional structures, and has made significant progress in product development and industrial application. Therefore, a review of the research and development in additive manufacturing of advanced materials is provided. Firstly, the related concepts of advanced materials and additive manufacturing are elaborated, and the development prospect of their synergy is analyzed; Secondly, based on different forming principles, the development status and technical advantages of various advanced material additive manufacturing are introduced; Thirdly, the advanced material system is systematically reviewed, and its application status in additive manufacturing is summarized; Then the application status of the technology in different fields is shown, and the actual cases are listed; Finally, the existing problems of this technology are discussed, and the future development direction is prospected.

Key words: advanced materials, additive manufacturing, rapid prototyping, 3D printing

中图分类号:

李桂伟, 曹祺原, 王嘉庆, 赵一航, 吴文征. 先进材料增材制造研究与发展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(3): 15-45.

LI Guiwei, CAO Qiyuan, WANG Jiaqing, ZHAO Yihang, WU Wenzheng. Research and Development of Advanced Material Additive Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(3): 15-45.

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