• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (16): 217-227.doi: 10.3901/JME.260655

• 特邀专辑:轨道运载装备动态设计理论与运维技术 • 上一篇    

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针对踏面磨耗演变的高速机车动力学优化设计

李虎1, 姚远1, 李广2, 龚继军1,3, 邓小星1,4   

  1. 1. 西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室 成都 610031;
    2. 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所 北京 100081;
    3. 中铁物总运维科技有限公司 北京 100036;
    4. 重载快捷大功率电力机车全国重点实验室 株洲 412001
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-24 修回日期:2026-03-13 发布日期:2026-10-14
  • 作者简介:李虎,男,1998年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为车辆系统动力学,机车车辆设计与优化,轮轨智能运维。E-mail:lh16873@163.com;姚远(通信作者),男,1983年出生,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为机车车辆设计及理论、车辆系统动力学与控制。E-mail:yyuan8848@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52372403)、国铁集团科研开发计划课题(N2023J071)和中国国家铁路集团科技计划课题(Q2024JOB)资助项目。

Optimization Design of High-speed Locomotive Dynamics with Tread Wear Evolution

LI Hu1, YAO Yuan1, LI Guang2, GONG Jijun1,3, DENG Xiaoxing1,4   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031;
    2. Metals & Chemistry Research Institude, China Academy of Railway Sciences Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081;
    3. China Railway Materials Operation and Maintenance Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100036;
    4. State Key Laboratory of Heavy-duty and Express High-power Electric Locomotive, Zhuzhou 412001
  • Received:2025-08-24 Revised:2026-03-13 Published:2026-10-14

摘要: 针对动力集中型动车组因踏面磨耗演变导致运行稳定性下降的问题,开展基于悬挂参数调控的动力学优化设计。车轮磨耗与运行稳定性相互作用:稳定性影响磨耗过程,磨耗又改变轮轨接触几何,进而作用于稳定性。为此,构建典型线路条件下的车辆动力学模型与磨耗仿真模型,开展悬挂参数对稳定性与磨耗性能的敏感性分析。在此基础上,提出一种兼顾优化精度与计算效率的双层多目标优化策略:第一层利用简化磨耗指标与多层感知机(Multi-layer perceptron,MLP)代理模型提高优化效率,第二层在候选解上开展全寿命周期磨耗仿真与综合评估,确定最终参数方案。结果表明,适当降低一系纵向定位刚度并提高抗蛇行减振器刚度,可实现动力学性能平衡;优化方案使磨耗深度降低7.5%,稳定性提升34%,临界速度提高20 km/h,从而有效提升运行稳定性,延长车轮寿命并降低运维成本。

关键词: 动力集中型动车组, 车轮磨耗, 稳定性, 多目标优化, 代理模型

Abstract: To address the decline in running stability of power-concentrated electric multiple units(EMUs) caused by tread wear evolution, a dynamics optimization design based on suspension parameter adjustment is conducted. Wheel wear and running stability are mutually coupled:stability influences the wear process, while wear alters the wheel-rail contact geometry, which in turn affects stability. Accordingly, a vehicle dynamics model and a wear simulation model under representative line conditions are established, and the sensitivity of suspension parameters to stability and wear performance is analyzed. On this basis, a two-level multi-objective optimization strategy is proposed to balance computational efficiency and optimization accuracy:the first level employs simplified wear indicators and a multi-layer perceptron(MLP) surrogate model to improve optimization efficiency, while the second level performs full-lifecycle wear simulations and comprehensive evaluations on candidate solutions to determine the final parameter scheme. Results show that appropriately reducing the primary longitudinal locating stiffness and increasing the yaw damper stiffness achieves a better balance of dynamic performance. Compared with the original design, the optimized scheme reduces wear depth by 7.5%, improves stability by 34%, and increases critical speed by 20 km/h, thereby enhancing operational stability, extending wheel service life, and reducing maintenance costs.

Key words: power-concentrated EMU, wheel wear, operational stability, multi-objective optimization, surrogate model

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