• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (3): 340-352.doi: 10.3901/JME.260089

• 机器人及机构学 • 上一篇    

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面向非平整地形的六足机器人自由步态规划

焦鑫1,2, 李满宏1,2, 赵政阳2, 张艳2, 张明路1,2   

  1. 1. 河北工业大学省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室 天津 300401;
    2. 河北工业大学机械工程学院 天津 300401
  • 修回日期:2025-02-15 接受日期:2025-06-08 发布日期:2026-03-25
  • 作者简介:焦鑫,男,1998年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为足式仿生机器人步态规划与运动控制。E-mail:jx1998xin@163.com
    李满宏(通信作者),男,1987年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为足式机器人自由步态规划与多足协调控制。E-mail:lmh9181219@163.com

Free Gait Planning of a Hexapod Robot for Uneven Terrain

JIAO Xin1,2, LI Manhong1,2, ZHAO Zhengyang2, ZHANG Yan2, ZHANG Minglu1,2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401;
    2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401
  • Revised:2025-02-15 Accepted:2025-06-08 Published:2026-03-25
  • Supported by:
    国家自然科学基金(52275016)、中央引导地方科技发展资金(226Z1801G)、河北省高等学校科学技术研究(JZX2023015,CXZX2025002)、河北省省级科技计划(225676163GH)和国家重点实验室优秀青年创新基金(EERI_OY2021004)资助项目。

摘要: 非平整地形上的自由步态规划影响着六足机器人探索未知复杂场景的运动性能与作业效能。围绕局部地形感知表征、动静态稳定性评价、自由步态规划等问题,通过研究借鉴六足生物跟随地形稳定柔顺运动机制,利用足端与地形离散交互特性,融合足端位置状态描述与地形特征点迭代整合策略,建立了基于足端位置的局部地形量化表征方法;通过探究支撑足多边形和单足可达区域对机器人稳定状态的影响规律,提出了空间维度的静态稳定裕量与时间维度的动态稳定裕量以描述机器人动静态稳定性,建立了机器人动静态稳定性判据及量化评价方法;提出了基于特征平面切换的自由步态生成思想,以特征平面、动静态稳定裕量、支撑足编号虚拟队列为落足空间与转换时序提供参考,制定了系列足端位置状态转换规则,建立了面向非平整地形的六足机器人自由步态规划方法。实验结果表明,采用提出的自由步态规划方法,六足机器人能够规划出适宜的自由步态,并稳定运动于非平整实验地形。

关键词: 六足机器人, 自由步态规划, 局部地形表征, 稳定性评价, 非平整地形

Abstract: The free gait planning of hexapod robots for uneven terrain greatly influences the motion and operation performance exploring complex scenarios. This research mainly focuses on the local terrain representation, dynamic and static stability evaluation, and free gait planning. Referencing the smooth motion mechanism of hexapods, inspiring by the discrete interaction between the foot and terrain, a description for the foot locations and an iterative integration strategy of terrain feature points are proposed, and then a local terrain representation method depending on footholds is established. By exploring the influences of support-footed polygons and single-footed workspace on robot stability, spatially static and temporally dynamic stability margins are proposed, which further establishes the stability evaluation method. Following the gait generation paradigm with feature plane switching, series of adjustment rules involving foothold locations and action sequences are formulated with referencing to feature planes, stability margins, and virtual queues, which is dedicated to establishing free gait planning method for uneven terrain. The experimental results show that a hexapod robot adopting proposed free gait planning method can generate suitable gaits to stably move on uneven test terrain.

Key words: hexapod robot, free gait planning, local terrain representation, stability evaluation, uneven terrain

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