流体动压润滑下乳化液的摩擦特性分析

doi:10.3901/JME.260830

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于面接触油膜测量系统，增加摩擦力测量单元，并结合双色荧光法，探究乳化液在流体动压润滑过程中的摩擦特性。分别采用光干涉法和摩擦力测量单元研究不同浓度乳化液及去离子水在变卷吸速度下的膜厚及摩擦力变化曲线，结果显示在相同工况下去离子水的摩擦力最高，去离子水和浓度p≤5%的乳化液摩擦力随速度的增大呈现出先降低后升高的趋势，由Stribeck曲线可知，其润滑状态从混合润滑转变为流体动压润滑，混合润滑处于出口区；当乳化液浓度p≥40%，摩擦力随速度的增大而增大，在整个速度区间(0＜u≤200 mm/s)内处于流体动压润滑状态；当乳化液浓度5%＜p＜30%时，摩擦力随卷吸速度增加呈现下降、上升再下降等较为复杂的变化规律。利用双色荧光法观测接触区内油水分布，以p=30%为例，低速时(u≤10 mm/s)接触区内以油相分布为主，仅在入口边缘处存在少量水相，随速度的升高，更多的水被卷吸进入接触区，接触区内从单一油相转变到油水两相混合，当速度较高时(u≥120 mm/s)，接触区内水相含量达到一定程度，使得摩擦力下降，此时乳化液经历从动压润滑到油水两相润滑的转变。利用共聚焦显微镜观测钢块表面摩擦磨损，不同浓度乳化液润滑对钢块表面造成的磨损程度不同，当润滑剂中含油量上升，黏度上升，对钢块表面所造成的磨损程度也会随之降低。

关键词: 乳化液润滑, 摩擦力, 光干涉法, 双色荧光法, 混合润滑, 流体动压润滑

Abstract: Based on the slider-on-disc contact oil film measurement system, the friction force measurement system is added and combined with the dichromatic fluorescence method to investigate the friction characteristics of emulsion in the conformal contact lubrication process. Using optical interferometry to measure the film thickness of emulsions with different concentrations and friction measurement system to measure the friction force in the lubrication, the results show that under the same case, the friction force of deionized water is the highest, the friction force of deionized water and emulsion with concentration p≤5% demonstrate the pattern of decreasing initially and subsequently increasing in correspondence with an escalation in velocity, which can be seen by the Stribeck curve, and the state of lubrication of deionized water has experienced the transition from mixed lubrication to hydrodynamic pressure lubrication; emulsion concentration ≥40%, friction force increases with speed, and is in the hydrodynamic lubrication state in the speed interval (0＜u≤200 mm/s); when the emulsion concentration 5%＜p≤30%, the alteration in speed results in a dissimilar frictional force, and the pattern of presentation becomes increasingly intricate. Observing the oil and water distribution in the contact area using dichromatic fluorescence method, utilizing p=30% as a baseline, at low velocities (u≤10 mm/s), the contact area predominantly comprises the oil phase, with only a minimal presence of the water phase at the inlet edge. As the velocity increases, the ingress of water into the contact area escalates, resulting in a transition from a single-phase oil environment to a composite of oil and water phases. At elevated velocities (u≥120 mm/s), the contribution of the water phase within the contact area becomes pronounced, leading to a reduction in friction. Consequently, the lubrication regime transitions from hydrodynamic lubrication to oil-water phase lubrication system. Using confocal microscope to observe the friction wear on the surface of the steel block, the degree of wear caused by emulsion lubrication of different concentrations on the surface of the steel block is different, when the oil content in the lubricant rises, the viscosity rises, and the degree of wear caused on the surface of the steel block will be reduced accordingly.

Key words: emulsion lubrication, friction, light interference, dichromatic fluorescence method, mixed lubrication, hydrodynamic lubrication

中图分类号:

TH117

吕春风, 韩素立, 郭峰, 荆兆刚. 流体动压润滑下乳化液的摩擦特性分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(15): 475-483.

LÜ Chunfeng, HAN Suli, GUO Feng, JING Zhaogang. Frictional Characterization of Emulsions under Hydrodynamic Lubrication[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(15): 475-483.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I15/475

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