阵列锯齿塑性流动加工制备双边梯度金属板材的工艺及机理

doi:10.3901/JME.260703

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，超细晶梯度结构因其具有优异的强度-塑性平衡而得到广泛关注。塑性流动加工作为一种特殊的大塑性变形工艺，在无繁琐设备的室温下可一步制备超细晶单边梯度板材。然而，针对双边梯度金属板材的制备工艺及其性能优化的研究尚显匮乏，现有方法面临原理复杂、高耗低效等挑战。为实现双边梯度板材的高效制备以及强度与延性的协同优化，提出基于阵列锯齿诱导多重剪切的塑性流动加工新工艺。结合试验与有限元分析，对不同锯齿角度下制备的双边梯度结构铝合金板材展开研究，详细分析其成形机理、微观结构和力学性能。结果表明，该工艺制备的板材在等效应变、晶粒尺寸和显微硬度上均呈现显著的双边梯度。这归因于阵列锯齿诱导的多重剪切和刀具挤压摩擦引发的剧烈变形，分别导致板材两侧形成高应变区。通过调整锯齿角度可有效改变板材内部的应变分布，进而控制细晶层的比例。该工艺为双边梯度结构板材的高效制备开辟了可行路径，并为多重剪切机制在材料微观结构调控中的应用提供实践参考。

关键词: 阵列锯齿, 塑性流动加工, 双边梯度结构, 多重剪切

Abstract: In recent years, ultrafine-grained gradient structures have received wide attention owing to their excellent strength-plasticity balance. Plastic flow machining, as a special process of severe plastic deformation, can prepare ultrafine-grained unilateral gradient sheets in one step at room temperature without cumbersome equipment. However, research on the preparation process of bilateral gradient metal sheets and their performance optimization is still insufficient, and the existing methods face challenges such as complex principles, high consumption and low efficiency. To realize the efficient preparation of bilateral gradient sheets and the synergistic optimization of strength and ductility, a new process of plastic flow machining based on multiple shearing induced by arrayed sawteeth is proposed. Combining the experiments and finite element analysis, the aluminum alloy sheets with bilateral gradient structure prepared under different sawteeth angles are investigated, and their forming mechanism, microstructure and mechanical properties are analyzed in detail. The results show that the sheets prepared by this process exhibit significant bilateral gradients in equivalent strain, grain size and microhardness. This is attributed to the multiple shearing induced by arrayed sawteeth and the intense deformation triggered by tool extrusion friction, leading to the formation of high strain zones on both sides of the sheet, respectively. The strain distribution inside the sheet can be effectively altered by adjusting the sawteeth angle, which in turn controls the proportion of fine-grained layers. This process opens up a feasible path for efficiently preparing sheets with bilateral gradient structure and provides a practical reference for applying the multiple shear mechanism in modulation of material microstructures.

Key words: arrayed sawteeth, plastic flow machining, bilateral gradient structure, multiple shearing

中图分类号:

TG379

钟佩璇, 熊志聪, 唐自强, 郝兴盛, 李松青, 邓文君. 阵列锯齿塑性流动加工制备双边梯度金属板材的工艺及机理[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(13): 399-409.

ZHONG Peixuan, XIONG Zhicong, TANG Ziqiang, HAO Xingsheng, LI Songqing, DENG Wenjun. Process and Mechanism of Bilateral Gradient Metal Sheets Fabricated by Plastic Flow Machining with Arrayed Sawteeth[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(13): 399-409.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I13/399

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