大型薄壁件镜像铣削技术研究现状与装备变革

doi:10.3901/JME.260398

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着航空航天领域对大型薄壁零件加工精度与效率要求的不断提高，镜像铣削通过“铣撑同步，保厚抑振”的加工方法，在继承化学铣切机械应力小与传统数控机床单机铣削程序可控的基础上，实现了工艺系统刚性与适应性的全新突破，其关键技术包括：(1) 镜像同步精度保证技术，通过运动学建模与误差补偿提升绝对位姿精度，结合镜像加工路径优化与协同运动控制保障动态跟随精度；(2) 随形支撑壁厚保证技术，通过支撑结构设计、力/位控制和壁厚补偿实现零件形面自适应贴合与壁厚精确调控；(3) 镜像加工颤振抑制技术，结合加工动力学建模，采用被动抑振(刚度/阻尼离线优化)与主动抑振(刚度/阻尼动态调节)的策略降低颤振风险。在镜像铣削装备发展变革与应用层面，构型创新已成为当前镜像铣削系统性能提升与应用升级的关键途径，有望突破飞机蒙皮与火箭贮箱箱底等大型薄壁零件加工的质量和效率瓶颈。随着镜像铣削技术与装备的不断发展，其未来前景广阔，推动该技术在大型薄壁零件制造中的规模化应用，对于国家航空航天高端装备制造业的发展具有重要意义。

关键词: 镜像铣削, 同步控制, 柔性支撑, 颤振抑制, 构型创新

Abstract: With escalating demands for machining precision and efficiency of large thin-walled aerospace components, mirror milling achieves breakthroughs in process system rigidity and adaptability through its “simultaneous milling-supporting, thickness preservation and vibration suppression” methodology, retaining the advantages of the low mechanical stress in chemical milling and program controllability in CNC single-machine milling. Its key technologies include: (1) mirror synchronization accuracy assurance technology, enhancing absolute pose accuracy through kinematic modelling and error compensation, coupled with mirror toolpath optimization and coordinated motion control to ensure dynamic tracking accuracy; (2) conformal support and thickness assurance technology, enabling adaptive conformity to part contours and precise thickness regulation via support structure design, force/position control and thickness compensation; (3) mirror machining chatter suppression technology, mitigating chatter risks by integrating machining dynamics modelling with passive vibration suppression (offline optimization of stiffness/damping) and active vibration suppression (dynamic adjustment of stiffness/damping) strategies. Configuration innovation emerges as the pivotal pathway for system enhancement and application advancement, promising to overcome quality/efficiency bottlenecks in machining aircraft skins and rocket tank domes. Furthermore, mirror milling’s continuous evolution promises broad prospects, with its large-scale application in thin-walled component manufacturing proving vital to national aerospace high-end manufacturing development.

Key words: mirror milling, synchronous control, flexible support, chatter suppression, configuration innovation

中图分类号:

TG156

徐晨昊, 谢福贵, 解增辉, 刘辛军. 大型薄壁件镜像铣削技术研究现状与装备变革[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(13): 349-362.

XU Chenhao, XIE Fugui, XIE Zenghui, LIU Xinjun. Current Research and Equipment Evolution in Mirror Milling for Large Thin-walled Components[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(13): 349-362.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I13/349

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