轨道车辆固液复合转臂节点物理建模、试验验证及动力学仿真研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260462

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 轨道车辆高速稳定性与曲线通过性对转向架一系纵向定位刚度的需求存在显著矛盾，而固液复合转臂节点的变刚度特性提供了有效解决路径。首先阐述某型轨道车辆固液复合转臂节点的结构特点与作用机理，通过台架试验获取其动态性能数据；进一步考虑节点橡胶-液体耦合作用及非线性因素，建立集总参数力学模型并编制仿真程序，完成试验验证；最后构建车辆-节点联合仿真动力学模型，分析该节点对车辆高速稳定性及曲线通过性的影响。研究结果表明：该节点动态刚度在4 Hz以下随激励频率升高而增大，之后趋于稳定；激励幅值超过0.5 mm时动刚度随幅值增大而升高，而0.5 mm幅值下4 Hz以上频段的动刚度略大于同频率下幅值为1 mm和2 mm的结果，且高频与大幅值叠加激励下出现位移相关的局部刚度增大现象。仿真模型能较好地反映节点局部刚度增大的非线性特性，且动刚度计算值与测试结果偏差在2 kN/mm以内，验证了模型准确性；与传统定刚度节点相比，该固液复合转臂节点可改善车辆曲线通过时的轮轨作用并降低轮轨磨耗，且曲线半径越小固液复合转臂节点的优势越显著，车辆临界失稳速度虽略有降低，但安全裕量充足。

关键词: 轨道车辆, 固液复合转臂节点, 物理建模, 试验验证, 动力学仿真

Abstract: The high-speed running stability and curve negotiation performance of rail vehicles lead to a significant contradiction in the demand for the primary longitudinal positioning stiffness of bogies, while the variable stiffness of solid-liquid coupled arm joints provides an effective solution. First, the structural characteristics and operating mechanism of the solid-liquid coupled arm joint for a specific type of rail vehicle are introduced, and its dynamic performance data is acquired through bench tests. Moreover, a lumped parameter mechanical model is established by considering the rubber-liquid coupling effect and nonlinear factors of the joint, and the corresponding simulation program is developed, with further verification conducted through experiments. Finally, a vehicle-joint co-simulation dynamic model is developed to analyze the influence of the solid-liquid coupled arm joint on the high-speed running stability and curve negotiation performance of the vehicle. The research results indicate that the dynamic stiffness of the solid-liquid coupled arm joint increases with the excitation frequency below 4 Hz and then tends to stabilize; when the excitation amplitude exceeds 0.5 mm, the dynamic stiffness rises with the increase of amplitude, while the dynamic stiffness under the 0.5 mm amplitude condition in the frequency band above 4 Hz is slightly greater than that of the 1 mm and 2 mm amplitude conditions at the same frequency. Furthermore, a displacement-related local stiffness increase phenomenon occurs under the superimposed excitation of high frequency and large amplitude. The established model can well reflect the nonlinear characteristics of the arm joint’s local stiffness increase, and the deviation between the calculated dynamic stiffness values and the test results is within 2 kN/mm, which verifies the model’s accuracy. Compared with traditional constant-stiffness arm joints, the solid-liquid coupled arm joint can improve wheel-rail interaction and reduce wheel-rail wear when the vehicle passes through curves. The smaller the curve radius, the more significant the advantages of the solid-liquid coupled arm joint become. Although the vehicle’s critical instability speed decreases slightly, the safety margin remains sufficient.

Key words: railway vehicle, solid-liquid coupled arm joint, physical modelling, experimental verification, dynamic simulation

中图分类号:

U270

閤鑫, 窦晓亮, 杨东晓, 黄超, 薛蔚, 唐明军. 轨道车辆固液复合转臂节点物理建模、试验验证及动力学仿真研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(12): 348-359.

GE Xin, DOU Xiaoliang, YANG Dongxiao, HUANG Chao, XUE Wei, TANG Mingjun. Study on Physical Modelling, Experimental Verification and Dynamic Simulation of Solid-liquid Coupled Arm Joints for Railway Vehicles[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(12): 348-359.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260462

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I12/348

参考文献

[1] 罗仁，石怀龙. 铁道车辆系统动力学及应用[M]. 成都:西南交通大学出版社，2018. LUO Ren，SHI Huailong. Dynamics of railway vehicle system and application[M]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press，2018.
[2] 上官文斌，吕振华. 汽车动力总成液阻悬置液-固耦合非线性动力学仿真[J]. 机械工程学报，2004，40(8):80-86. SHANGGUAN Wenbin，LÜ Zhenhua. Nonlinear modeling of hydraulic engine mounts of a car powertrain with computational fluid structure interaction finite element analysis models[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2004，40(8):80-86.
[3] 上官文斌，吴杰. 含液阻悬置振动系统的时域响应计算与优化方法[J]. 机械工程学报，2008，44(9):106-112. SHANGGUAN Wenbin，WU Jie. Time-domain response calculation and optimization methods for vibration systems including hydraulic engine mounts[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2008，44(9):106-112.
[4] FREDETTE L，DREYER J，ROOK T，et al. Harmonic amplitude dependent dynamic stiffness of hydraulic bushings:Alternate nonlinear models and experimental validation[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2016，75:589-606.
[5] FREDETTE L，SINGH R. Effect of fractionally damped compliance elements on amplitude sensitive dynamic stiffness predictions of a hydraulic bushing[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2018，112:129-146.
[6] 杨超峰，殷智宏，上官文斌，等. 汽车悬架液压衬套非线性动特性的实验与建模方法研究[J]. 振动与冲击，2016，35(3):79-86. YANG Chaofeng，YIN Zhihong，SHANGGUAN Wenbin，et al. Experiment and modelling on nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a hydraulic bushing used in vehicle suspension[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock，2016，35(3):79-86.
[7] 刘雪莱，韩愈琪，江健，等. 液压阻尼型橡胶隔振器动态特性建模方法[J]. 振动与冲击，2023，42(17):160-165，264. LIU Xuelai，HAN Yuqi，JIANG Jian，et al. Modeling method for dynamic characteristics of hydraulic damping rubber isolator[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock，2023，42(17):160-165，264.
[8] 邹波，JOSEF G，王涛，等. 一种变刚度转臂节点设计及试验研究[J]. 铁道机车车辆，2018，38(6):65-69. ZOU Bo，JOSEF G，WANG Tao，et al. Design and experimental research on a hydro arm joint[J]. Railway Locomotive & Car，2018，38(6):65-69.
[9] 丁行武，卜继玲，程海涛，等. 轨道车辆固液复合轴箱定位节点技术应用与展望[J]. 铁道机车车辆，2022，42(3):130-135. DING Xingwu，BU Jiling，CHENG Haitao，et al. Technology application and prospect of solid-fluid composite axle box joint on railway vehicles[J]. Railway Locomotive & Car，2022，42(3):130-135.
[10] 丁行武，卜继玲，李晓武，等. 轨道车辆频变刚度转臂节点机理研究与验证[J]. 铁道学报，2021，43(8):27-34. DING Xingwu，BU Jiling，LI Xiaowu，et al. Study and verification of mechanism of frequency varying stiffness of railway vehicle arm joint[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society，2021，43(8):27-34.
[11] 张隶新，魏来，王勇. 变刚度转臂定位节点对车辆动力学性能的影响[J]. 铁道车辆，2016，54(12):1-4，49. ZHANG Lixin，WEI Lai，WANG Yong. Effect of the positioning nodal point of rotary arm with variable stiffness on the dynamics performance of vehicles[J]. Rolling Stock，2016，54(12):1-4，49.
[12] 祁亚运，戴焕云，魏来，等. 变刚度转臂定位节点对地铁车辆车轮磨耗的影响[J]. 振动与冲击，2019，38(6):100-107. QI Yayun，DAI Huanyun，WEI Lai，et al. Influence of changing the rigid arm positioning node on the wheel wear of metro vehicles[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock，2019，38(6):100-107.
[13] 杨欣，公衍军，杨东晓，等. 转向架变刚度轴箱转臂定位节点AMESim模型建立及应用研究[J]. 铁道车辆，2025，63(2):105-112. YANG Xin，GONG Yanjun，YANG Dongxiao，et al. Development and application of an AMESim model for variable stiffness rubber nodes in bogies[J]. Rolling Stock，2025，63(2):105-112.
[14] 罗俊，林胜，张玉祥，等. 轨道车辆液体橡胶复合转臂节点刚度性能试验研究[J]. 现代城市轨道交通，2021(10):53-56. LUO Jun，LIN Sheng，ZHANG Yuxiang，et al. Research on stiffness characteristics of hydraulic rubber swing arm bush for railway vehicles[J]. Modern Urban Transit，2021(10):53-56.
[15] ZHOU Y，TIAN Q，HECHT M. Application of hydraulic arm bushings with frequency-dependent stiffness to compromise hunting stability and curve negotiation performance for a passenger coach[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering & Technologies，2024，12(7):8839-8849.
[16] German Institute for Standardization. DIN 53513 Determination of the viscoelastic properties of elastomers on exposure to forced vibration at non-resonant frequencies[S]. Berlin:Beuth Verlag GmbH，1990.
[17] Siemens Industry Software NV. Simcenter amesim software user’s guides:HYD advanced fluid properties，technical bulletin 117[M]. Gent:Siemens Industry Software NV，2018.
[18] 翟婉明. 车辆-轨道耦合动力学[M]. 4版. 北京:科学出版社，2015. ZHAI Wanming. Vehicle-track coupled dynamics[M]. 4th ed. Beijing:Science Press，2015.