• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (12): 285-296.doi: 10.3901/JME.260342

• 运载工程 • 上一篇    

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分布式驱动电动汽车原地转向机理研究

史彪飞1,2, 李亮1,2, 吕皓玉1,2, 徐迎港1,2, 李钊男1,2   

  1. 1. 清华大学车辆与运载学院 北京 100084;
    2. 清华大学智能绿色车辆与交通全国重点实验室 北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-15 修回日期:2025-12-19 发布日期:2026-08-03
  • 作者简介:史彪飞,男,1993年出生,博士,博士后、助理研究员。主要研究方向为汽车线控底盘、汽车动力学与控制。E-mail:1935792849@qq.com
    李亮(通信作者),男,1976年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为汽车动力学与控制、智能汽车线控底盘及其域控制。E-mail:liangl@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    山东省重点研发计划(2023CXGC010214)和芜湖市“赤铸之光”重大科技成果工程化(2023zc02)资助项目。

Research on Mechanism of Pivot Steering for Distributed Drive Electric Vehicles

SHI Biaofei1,2, LI Liang1,2, Lü Haoyu1,2, XU Yinggang1,2, LI Zhaonan1,2   

  1. 1. School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
  • Received:2025-07-15 Revised:2025-12-19 Published:2026-08-03

摘要: 分布式驱动电动汽车原地转向功能可显著提高汽车在狭窄道路上的通过性。对分布式驱动电动汽车原地转向机理进行深入研究,完善相关理论,为汽车结构设计及控制策略设计指明方向。首先建立分布式驱动电动汽车动力学模型,然后对原地转向工况下轮胎侧偏/侧滑过程、轮胎受力状态、原地转向影响因素等进行研究,得到原地转向的一些规律性结论。根据研究得到的轮速与横摆角速度的比例关系,建立一种基于轮速控制的原地转向控制策略。最后通过Carsim/Simulink联合仿真及实车试验对原地转向各影响因素及控制策略有效性进行验证,结果表明,原地转向稳态时的四轮侧偏角只与汽车结构有关,四轮侧向力与纵向力之比近似为轮距与轴距之比,四轮纵向力、侧向力及滑转率在不同横摆角速度下保持不变,增大轮距与轴距之比会减小原地转向所需的纵向力及滑转率,四轮纵向力及侧向力正比于路面附着系数但滑转率不受路面附着系数变化影响,所提原地转向控制策略能准确控制横摆角速度并抑制转向过程中的位置偏移。

关键词: 分布式驱动电动汽车, 原地转向, 轮胎侧偏/侧滑, 轮胎力, 控制策略

Abstract: The pivot steering function of distributed drive electric vehicles can significantly improve vehicle passability on narrow roads. In this paper, the mechanism of pivot steering of distributed drive electric vehicles is studied deeply, and the related theories are improved, which points out the direction of vehicle structure design and control strategy design. First, the dynamics model of distributed drive electric vehicle was established, and then the tire cornering/sliding process, tire force state and influencing factors of pivot steering were studied, and some regular conclusions were obtained. Based on the proportional relationship between wheel speed and yaw rate obtained by the above research, a pivot steering control strategy based on wheel speed control was established. Finally, the Carsim/Simulink joint simulation and real vehicle test were carried out for verification. The results show that the wheel sideslip angle during steady-state of pivot steering is only related to the vehicle structure, the ratio of wheel lateral force to longitudinal force is approximately the ratio of wheel track to wheelbase, and the wheel longitudinal force, lateral force and slip ratio keep the same under different yaw rates. The increase of wheel track to wheelbase ratio will reduce the longitudinal force and slip ratio required for pivot steering, and the wheel longitudinal force and lateral force are proportional to the road adhesion coefficient, but the slip ratio is not affected by the change of road adhesion coefficient. The proposed control strategy can accurately control the yaw rate and suppress the deviation in the steering process.

Key words: distributed drive electric vehicle, pivot steering, tire cornering/sliding, tire force, control strategy

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