锂离子电池低温自加热电路设计和控制策略研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.14.212

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (14): 212-222.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.14.212

• 运载工程 • 上一篇

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锂离子电池低温自加热电路设计和控制策略研究

张博然, 王军, 杨瑞鑫, 张奎, 熊瑞

北京理工大学机械与车辆学院北京 100081

收稿日期:2024-07-06 修回日期:2025-01-05 发布日期:2025-08-25
作者简介:张博然，男，1998年出生。主要研究方向为电动车辆电池管理。E-mail:3120210361@bit.edu.cn;王军，男，1968年出生，副教授，硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为车辆动力学。E-mail:wangjunbit@bit.edu.cn;杨瑞鑫，男，1988年出生，助理教授，硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为新能源汽车动力电池系统管理。E-mail:yangruixin@bit.edu.cn;张奎，男，1992年出生，博士研究生。主要研究方向为动力电池低温热管理。E-mail:zk_bit@163.com;熊瑞(通信作者)，男，1985年出生，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为电池管理与控制。E-mail:rxiong@bit.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52107222)和北京市自然科学基金-小米创新联合基金(L223013)资助项目。

Study on AC Self-heating Circuit and Control Strategy for Lithium-ion Batteries at Low Temperatures

ZHANG Boran, WANG Jun, YANG Ruixin, ZHANG Kui, XIONG Rui

School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081

Received:2024-07-06 Revised:2025-01-05 Published:2025-08-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 低温加热技术是改善锂离子电池在极寒气候下工作性能的有效途径之一。针对交流加热现有的难题，提出一种新型交流脉冲自加热电路，进行仿真与试验分析，并制定加热策略：针对现有加热方法依赖外部电源或多组电池导致应用范围受限、热一致性差等问题，提出电流可调的并联式谐振结构，构建加热电路模型，支撑加热策略的开发；搭建测试平台，分析脉宽调制信号、电量、频率、串联个数等参数对加热性能的影响；根据测试结果，提出基于电路模型与开路电压曲线的加热控制策略，并设计了可切换式加热电路，改善了电池单体和模组的加热性能。试验结果表明，所提出加热方法在20 kHz的频率及2.7 C的电流有效值下可实现3.1 ℃/min以上的温升速率，并可在25%～100%电量范围内实施低温加热。

关键词: 电动汽车, 锂离子电池, 交流自加热, 控制策略

Abstract: Heating the batteries at low temperature is an effective way to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries in extremely cold climates. To address the existing challenges of alternating current(AC) heating, a novel AC self-heating circuit is designed, the circuit simulation and experimental analysis are conducted, and the heating strategies are proposed：A current controllable parallel resonant structure is proposed to address the issues such as restricted application and temperature inconsistency caused by relying on external power sources or multiple batteries in existing heating methods, and a heating circuit model is built, supporting the development of heating strategies; a test platform is built to analyze the effects of parameters such as power width modulation signals, state of charges, frequencies, and number of battery cells in series; according to the test result, heating control strategy based on circuit model and open circuit voltage profile and is proposed, and a switchable heating circuit is proposed, improving the heating performance for battery cells and modules. The results show that the proposed heating method can achieve a temperature rise rate of over 3.1 °C/min at the frequency of 20 kHz and RMS current of 2.7C, and the battery can be heated at the state of charges range of 25%-100%.

Key words: electric vehicle, lithium-ion battery, alternating current self-heating, control strategies

中图分类号:

TM912

张博然, 王军, 杨瑞鑫, 张奎, 熊瑞. 锂离子电池低温自加热电路设计和控制策略研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(14): 212-222.

ZHANG Boran, WANG Jun, YANG Ruixin, ZHANG Kui, XIONG Rui. Study on AC Self-heating Circuit and Control Strategy for Lithium-ion Batteries at Low Temperatures[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(14): 212-222.

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锂离子电池低温自加热电路设计和控制策略研究

Study on AC Self-heating Circuit and Control Strategy for Lithium-ion Batteries at Low Temperatures

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