4D打印形状记忆聚合物功能构件正向设计的进展、挑战与展望

doi:10.3901/JME.260023

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (1): 310-328.doi: 10.3901/JME.260023

• 数字化设计与制造 • 上一篇

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4D打印形状记忆聚合物功能构件正向设计的进展、挑战与展望

高一聪¹, 吴栋¹, 段东新¹, 曾思远², 郑浩³, 密尚华³, 邱皓⁴, 谭建荣¹

1. 浙江大学流体动力基础件与机电系统全国重点实验室杭州 310058;
2. 清华大学制造工程研究所北京 100084;
3. 北京航空航天大学杭州创新研究院杭州 310000;
4. 浙江理工大学机械工程学院杭州 310018

收稿日期:2025-01-12 修回日期:2025-07-22 发布日期:2026-02-13
作者简介:高一聪，男，1982年出生，博士，副教授。主要研究方向为产品正向设计理论与方法、智能构件正向设计。E-mail：gaoyicong@zju.edu.cn
吴栋，男，2001年出生，硕士研究生。主要研究方向为功能结构一体化设计。E-mail：wwwu_dong@163.com
段东新，男，1998年出生，硕士。主要研究方向为形状记忆聚合物功能构件正向设计。E-mail：22125139@zju.edu.cn
曾思远(通信作者)，男，1995年出生，博士后。主要研究方向为可控变形结构设计。E-mail：zsyuandy@foxmail.com
郑浩，男，1988年出生，副研究员。主要研究方向为产品设计方法学。E-mail：haozhengdoc@163.com
密尚华，男，1988年出生，博士后。主要研究方向为产品设计方法学。E-mail：393185319@qq.com
邱皓，女，1996年出生，特聘副教授。主要研究方向为折纸机器人设计、折纸超材料设计、功能结构一体化设计。E-mail：haoqiu@zstu.edu.cn
谭建荣，男，1954年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为产品数字化设计。E-mail：egi@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52375272, 52505267)和中国博士后科学基金(2024M754069)资助项目。

Recent Advances, Challenges and Prospects of Top-down Design of 4D-printed Shape Memory Polymer Functional Components

GAO Yicong¹, WU Dong¹, DUAN Dongxin¹, ZENG Siyuan², ZHENG Hao³, MI Shanghua³, QIU Hao⁴, TAN Jianrong¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058;
2. Institute of Manufacturing Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084;
3. Hangzhou Innovation lnstitute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310000;
4. School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018

Received:2025-01-12 Revised:2025-07-22 Published:2026-02-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 4D打印的形状记忆聚合物功能构件在外界特定激励下，形状、性能和功能能够随时间或空间发生预定的可控变化，由简单结构转换为具有复杂几何形状的立体结构，实现特定功能和性能表征。4D打印形状记忆聚合物功能构件的设计是影响功能实现和性能表征的关键因素之一，从4D打印形状记忆聚合物功能构件的设计原理、设计方法、工艺参数等方面总结了国内外研究进展，重点分析探讨了4D打印形状记忆聚合物的材料组分设计、可编程结构设计、制备参数设计的突出成果与创新技术，介绍了4D打印形状记忆聚合物功能构件在电子器件、医疗设备和软体机器人等领域的工程应用。最后，对4D打印形状记忆聚合物功能构件面临的挑战进行了总结并展望了未来4D打印设计的发展趋势。

关键词: 正向设计, 4D打印, 功能构件, 形状记忆聚合物

Abstract: The shape, performance and function of 4D printed shape memory polymer functional components can be controlled by time or space under specific external excitation, and simple structure can be transformed into a three-dimensional structure with complex geometry to realize specific function and performance characterization. The design of 4D printed shape memory polymer functional components is one of the key factors affecting function realization and performance characterization. This study summarizes the research progress of 4D printed shape memory polymer functional components from the aspects of design principles, design methods and process parameters. The outstanding achievements and innovative technologies of material component design, programmable structure design and preparation parameter design of 4D printed shape memory polymer are analyzed and discussed. The engineering applications of 4D printed shape memory polymer functional components in the fields of electronic devices, medical devices and soft robots are introduced. Finally, the challenges faced by 4D printing shape memory polymer functional components are summarized and the development trend of 4D printing design in the future is prospected.

Key words: top-down design, 4D printing, functional component, shape memory polymer

中图分类号:

TP391

高一聪, 吴栋, 段东新, 曾思远, 郑浩, 密尚华, 邱皓, 谭建荣. 4D打印形状记忆聚合物功能构件正向设计的进展、挑战与展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(1): 310-328.

GAO Yicong, WU Dong, DUAN Dongxin, ZENG Siyuan, ZHENG Hao, MI Shanghua, QIU Hao, TAN Jianrong. Recent Advances, Challenges and Prospects of Top-down Design of 4D-printed Shape Memory Polymer Functional Components[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(1): 310-328.

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4D打印形状记忆聚合物功能构件正向设计的进展、挑战与展望

Recent Advances, Challenges and Prospects of Top-down Design of 4D-printed Shape Memory Polymer Functional Components

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