一种(B4C+Gd)/316L中子屏蔽复合材料设计制备

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.09.112

摘要/Abstract

摘要： B₄C/Al复合材料、硼铝合金等常规中子屏蔽材料存在结构力学性能与耐腐蚀性能差等问题，难以满足大承载能力、中子屏蔽、耐腐蚀等多种功能要求。基于此，以316L不锈钢为基体，B₄C与Gd为中子屏蔽功能增强体，引入多目标优化方法与定向能量沉积增材制造(DED-AM)技术，研究了一种新的(B₄C+Gd)/316L功能-结构一体化中子屏蔽材料设计与制备方法。首先，建立了屏蔽材料成分参数优化模型，在中子透射率、次级γ射线产生率等决策变量和约束条件下获得中子屏蔽复合材料设计方案；其次，根据优化设计结果利用DED-AM方法制备出不同配比的(B₄C+Gd)/316L功能/结构一体化中子屏蔽复合材料；最后，对制备出的复合材料进行微观形貌与力学性能分析。结果表明，该复合材料的晶粒被细化，与具有相近中子屏蔽率的B₄C/Al相比，(B₄C+Gd)/316L具有更优异的屈服强度与极限抗拉强度。

关键词: 中子屏蔽, (B₄C+Gd)/316L复合材料, 增材制造, 多目标优化

Abstract: Conventional neutron shielding materials such as B₄C/Al composite and boron aluminum alloy have poor structural mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, which are difficult to meet the requirements of large load capacity, neutron shielding, corrosion resistance and other functions. Based on this, 316L stainless steel is used as the substrate, and B₄C and Gd are used as the neutron shielding function enhancement. Introducing the multi-objective optimization method and directed energy deposition additive manufacturing (DED-AM) technology, a new (B₄C+Gd)/316L functional-structural integrated neutron shielding material design and preparation method is investigated. Firstly, the optimization model of shielding material composition parameters is established. The design of neutron shielding composites is obtained under decision variables and constraints such as neutron transmittance and secondary γ-ray production rate. Secondly, according to the optimal design results, (B₄C+Gd)/316L functional-structural integrated neutron shielding composites with different ratios are prepared by DED-AM method. Finally, the prepared composites are analyzed for microscopic morphology and mechanical properties. The results show that the grain of the composite is refined and (B₄C+Gd)/316L has superior yield strength and ultimate tensile strength compared to B₄C/Al with similar neutron shielding.

Key words: neutron shielding, (B₄C+Gd)/316L composite, additive manufacturing, multi-objective optimization

中图分类号:

TB34

乔春光, 王中华, 杨廷贵, 王荣东, 姜潮. 一种(B₄C+Gd)/316L中子屏蔽复合材料设计制备[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(9): 112-122.

QIAO Chunguang, WANG Zhonghua, YANG Tinggui, WANG Rongdong, JIANG Chao. Design and Preparation of a (B₄C+Gd)/316L Neutron Shielding Composite[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(9): 112-122.

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一种(B₄C+Gd)/316L中子屏蔽复合材料设计制备

Design and Preparation of a (B₄C+Gd)/316L Neutron Shielding Composite

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