热循环载荷下叶冠篦齿径向裂纹演化研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.24.139

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 涡轮叶冠篦齿摩擦引发的径向裂纹危及发动机的安全运行，而其演化机理还未经验证。为明确径向裂纹的演化机理，采用热循环试验进行研究，并采用基于Abaqus软件的XFEM方法进行数值研究。700 ℃热载荷下篦齿未萌生裂纹、预制裂纹未扩展；900 ℃热载荷下篦齿未萌生裂纹，预制裂纹张开但沿周向扩展、最终剥落；1 050 ℃热载荷下形成了径向裂纹，且裂纹长度随循环次数的增加而增加；1 050 ℃热载荷下的并行试验也形成了径向裂纹，裂纹扩展到叶冠，得到了裂纹长度随循环次数的拟合式。结果表明，径向裂纹是冷却过程中的周向拉应力引发的，周向拉应力大于屈服强度时在篦齿顶面和侧面交界处萌生裂纹，裂纹先贯穿篦齿顶面、再沿径向扩展，温度升高会促进裂纹的萌生和扩展。因此，热循环载荷下的试验与数值计算研究验证了径向裂纹的演化机理，热载荷是径向裂纹萌生和扩展的驱动力。

关键词: 叶冠篦齿, 裂纹萌生, 裂纹扩展, 热循环试验, XFEM

Abstract: The radial cracks generated by the friction of the turbine blade crown endanger the safe operation of the engine, and its evolution mechanism has not been verified. To clarify the evolution mechanism of radial cracks, the thermal cycle tests were conducted on the fins, and numerical analysis were conducted using the XFEM method based on Abaqus software. Under cyclic high-temperature loading at 700 ℃, the fins did not initiate cracks and the prefabricated cracks did not propagate. Under cyclic high-temperature loading at 900 ℃, no cracks appeared on the fins, and the prefabricated cracks opened but propagated along the circumference and eventually peeled off. The radial cracks were formed under cyclic high-temperature loading at 1 050 ℃, and the crack length increased with the increase of the number of cycles. The parallel test under the load of 1 050 ℃ also formed radial cracks, which propagated to the blade crown，and the fitting formula of crack length with the number of cycles was obtained. The results show that the radial crack is caused by the circumferential tensile stress in the cooling process. When the circumferential tensile stress is greater than the yield strength, the crack initiates at the junction of the top and side of the fin. The crack first propagates the top surface of the fin and then propagates along the radial direction. The increase of temperature will promote the crack initiation and propagation. Therefore, the experimental and numerical studies under thermal cyclic loading verify the evolution mechanism of radial cracks, and thermal load is the driving force for the initiation and propagation of radial cracks.

Key words: labyrinth seal fins, crack initiation, crack propagation, thermal cycle experiment, XFEM

中图分类号:

V231

杨毅成, 宋志恒, 张倍萱, 段超鹏, 米兆国, 毕研策, 杨卫华. 热循环载荷下叶冠篦齿径向裂纹演化研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(24): 139-147.

YANG Yicheng, SONG Zhiheng, ZHANG Beixuan, DUAN Chaopeng, MI Zhaoguo, BI Yance, YANG Weihua. Research on Radial Crack Evolution in Labyrinth Fins of Turbine Blade Crown under Thermal Cycling Load[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(24): 139-147.

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