基于漏磁检测-电磁超声多物理融合传感器技术研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.22.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了克服单一无损检测方法的局限性，提出一种漏磁检测和电磁超声检测方法融合的传感结构，用于实现钢试样中表面及内部缺陷的同步检测。所提出的复合传感结构充分利用漏磁检测和电磁超声换能器的磁路特性。通过轭铁与永磁体的相互配合，在被测试样内部形成水平磁化场，用于检测试样表面和近表面的缺陷；其次，漏磁检测的磁化结构提供的局部垂直磁场与EMAT激励线圈相互作用，在试样中激励出超声波，用于检测试样中的内部缺陷。漏磁检测的激励源是准静态，超声波信号是2 MHz的脉冲激励源，二者之间的巨大频率差异，使得两种信号之间没有显著的干扰。仿真与试验均表明，所提出的传感结构能克服电磁超声中的近声场检测盲区和漏磁检测中的深度限制，可同时实现大厚度铁磁性试样中表面缺陷和内部盲孔缺陷的有效检出与分类。

关键词: 漏磁检测-电磁超声换能器, 多物理场融合, 表面及内部缺陷, 同步检测

Abstract: To overcome the limitations of a single non-destructive testing method, a sensing structure that integrates magnetic flux leakage（MFL） detection and electromagnetic acoustic transducer（EMAT） detection methods is proposed to simultaneously detect surface and internal defects in steel specimens. The proposed hybrid sensor structure makes full use of the magnetic circuit characteristics of the MFL and EMAT. The combination of the yoke and permanent magnets creates a horizontal magnetic field inside the sample to detect defects on and near the surface of the sample. Secondly, the local vertical magnetic field provided by the magnetization structure of the MFL interacts with the EMAT excitation coil to produce ultrasonic waves in the specimen to identify internal flaws in the specimen. The excitation source for MFL is quasi-static and the ultrasonic signal is a pulsed excitation source at 2 MHz. The significant frequency difference between the two signals is helpful in reducing mutual interference. Simulations and experiments show that the proposed sensing structure can overcome the blind zone caused by near-field emission in EMAT and the depth limitation of MFL, and is able to simultaneously detect and classify both surface defects and internal blind hole defects in large thickness ferromagnetic sample.

Key words: magnetic flux leakage-electromagnetic acoustic transducer, multiphysics fusion, surface and internal defects, synchronous detection

中图分类号:

TH878
TB552

唐琴, 高斌, 薛淞文, 范永昭, 魏云锦, 谌梁. 基于漏磁检测-电磁超声多物理融合传感器技术研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(22): 17-27.

TANG Qin, GAO Bin, XUE Songwen, FAN Yongzhao, WEI Yunjin, SHEN Liang. Research on Multiphysics Fusion Sensor Technology Based on Magnetic Flux Leakage-electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(22): 17-27.

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