• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (20): 318-327.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.20.318

• 交叉与前沿 • 上一篇    

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无人矿用电铲自主行驶轨迹跟踪控制

谭晓丹1, 李静1, 方毅1, 徐天爽1, 王勇澎2,3, 黄庆学3,4   

  1. 1. 吉林大学机械与航空航天工程学院 长春 130022;
    2. 山西太重智能采矿装备技术有限公司 太原 030032;
    3. 智能采矿装备技术全国重点实验室 太原 030032;
    4. 太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院 太原 030024
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-30 修回日期:2025-05-16 发布日期:2025-12-03
  • 作者简介:谭晓丹,女,1989年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为工程装备优化设计与智能化技术。E-mail:tanxd21@mails.jlu.edu.cn
    徐天爽(通信作者),女,1985年出生,博士,副教授。主要研究方向为机械优化设计。E-mail:xts@jlu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52105100,52005208)和山西省揭榜招标(20191101014)资助项目。

Path Tracking Control for Autonomous Driving of Unmanned Mining Shovel

TAN Xiaodan1, LI Jing1, FANG Yi1, XU Tianshuang1, WANG Yongpeng2,3, HUANG Qingxue3,4   

  1. 1. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022;
    2. Shanxi TZCO Intelligent Mining Equipment Technology Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030032;
    3. State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Mining Equipment Technology, Taiyuan 030032;
    4. College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024
  • Received:2024-07-30 Revised:2025-05-16 Published:2025-12-03

摘要: 安全、高效行驶转场和准确、及时装备调姿是实现矿用电铲高质量连续作业的重要基础。针对电铲行驶任务中驾驶员操作条件下存在的视野受限、感知滞后、疲劳作业等不利因素,从降低对人工经验依赖的角度出发,提出了一种基于预瞄的模糊控制方法以实现预设路径条件下电铲重型履带的轨迹跟踪。首先,对电铲的行驶工况进行了梳理,并分别针对长、短距离工况设计了自主行驶策略;在此基础上,对电铲重型履带进行稳态行驶动力学分析;进一步,提出基于预瞄的模糊控制方法用于预设轨迹跟踪,并通过无人电铲虚拟样机仿真初步验证该方法在不同初始偏差条件下的跟踪准确性和工况适用性;最后,开发了无人电铲缩比样机,对曲线行驶、前进避障和“V”型横移避障等工况进行轨迹跟踪控制试验。结果表明,不同工况下的航向角偏差约在±2°以内,质心位置偏差约在±10 cm以内,说明本文所提出的控制方法具有较高的轨迹跟踪精度和稳定性,适用于矿用电铲自主行驶任务。

关键词: 矿用电铲, 自主行驶, 预瞄模糊控制, 轨迹跟踪, 缩比样机试验

Abstract: The safety and high efficiency of long-distance movement as well as the accurate and timely digging position adjustment of the mining shovel serve as the base for productive continuous open-pit mining operation. Considering the disadvantages of the driving activities by operators such as the limited view range, the awareness delay and fatigue driving, a Pre-sighting Fuzzy Control algorithm was established in this paper to achieve the autonomous path tracking of mining shovel diminishing the human effects. Firstly, both the long and short distance driving characters of mining shovels were analyzed, based on which the self-driving strategy was established. Then, the dynamic model of the heavy crawler equipped by mining shovels was built and the Pre-sighting Fuzzy Control algorithm was constructed for the autonomous path tracking task. One step further, simulations with different initial error status based on virtual prototype of a scaled unmanned mining shovel was accomplished to validate the accuracy and the adaptiveness of the algorithm. At last, the physical prototype was built and field tests were applied for the path tracking performance in different conditions such as curve tracking, obstacle avoidance forward moving and ‘V’ type lateral movement. Results showed the high accuracy and stability of the algorithm that the heading angle error could be controlled into about ±2 ° and the track error within ±10 cm, which proves the effectiveness for autonomous path tracking for unmanned mining shovels.

Key words: mining shovel, autonomous driving, pre-sighting fuzzy control, path tracking, scale model test

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