真空管道磁浮交通试验平台建设及管内气动特性研究进展

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.02.181

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为一种新型交通系统，真空管道运输系统将悬浮列车技术和低气压管道技术相结合，理论上能够最大限度地减小列车高速运行时的摩擦阻力和气动阻力，有望突破地面轨道交通的速度极限，实现时速1 000 km及以上的超高速轨道交通。为了促进真空管道运输系统的发展，首先概述国内外真空管道交通试验平台建设的研究现状，包括美国、韩国以及中国等国家，目前最高的模型试验速度高达1 152 km/h；并重点分析了管内气动基础科学问题，从管内流动状态、气动载荷、管内复杂波系现象、气动热以及气动噪声5方面梳理管内气动特性研究进展，最后对真空管道交通的发展前景进行了探讨与展望，并指出精细化数值模拟方法、缓解或延迟流动雍塞的方法、适用于真空管道交通系统的散热途径、列车长时间运行时管道流场特征演化这几个方面是今后需要重点研究的气动基础问题。

关键词: 真空管道, 磁悬浮, 气动特性, 气动热, 雍塞流动

Abstract: As a new type of transportation system, an evacuated tube transportation system combines maglev technology with low-pressure tube technology, which theoretically minimizes the frictional and aerodynamic resistance of trains during high-speed operation. This could potentially break the speed limits of ground rail transport, achieving speeds of 1 000 km/h or more for ultra-high-speed train. To promote the development of the evacuated tube maglev transport, this overview first summarizes the current research status of evacuated tube transport test platforms both domestically and internationally, including the U.S., South Korea, and China, where the highest model test speed has reached 1 152 km/h. It then focuses on the basic scientific issues of aerodynamics within the tube, analyzing research progress in five areas: flow states within the tube, aerodynamic loads, complex wave phenomena, aerodynamic heating, and aerodynamic noise. Finally, the outlook for the development of evacuated tube transportation is discussed, highlighting key areas for future research: refined numerical simulation methods, methods to mitigate or delay choked flow, heat dissipation pathways suitable for evacuated tube transportation system, and the evolution of flow field characteristics in the tube during prolonged train operations.

Key words: evacuated tube, maglev, aerodynamic characteristics, aerodynamic heating, choked flow

中图分类号:

U237
U171

邓自刚, 胡啸, 王潇飞, 李宗澎, 张卫华. 真空管道磁浮交通试验平台建设及管内气动特性研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(2): 181-197.

DENG Zigang, HU Xiao, WANG Xiaofei, LI Zongpeng, ZHANG Weihua. Development of Evacuated Tube Maglev Transport Test Platform and Research Progress on Aerodynamic Characteristics inside the Tube[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(2): 181-197.

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