挖掘机动臂集成一体式电静液作动器的设计与能量效率研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.18.396

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (18): 396-405.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.18.396

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挖掘机动臂集成一体式电静液作动器的设计与能量效率研究

黄伟迪, 郭怡涛, 王峰, 纵怀志, 张军辉, 倪小昊, 徐兵

浙江大学流体动力基础件与机电系统全国重点实验室杭州 310027

收稿日期:2024-11-24 修回日期:2025-01-02 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-11-08
作者简介:黄伟迪，男，1989年出生，博士，助理研究员。主要研究方向为智能液压元件和液压机械臂。E-mail：wdhuang@zju.edu.cn;纵怀志(通信作者)，男，1995年出生，博士。主要研究方向为高功率密度伺服元件和系统、液压机器人开发和控制等。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2011902)资助项目

Design and Energy Efficiency Research of an Integrated Electro-hydraulic Actuator for Excavator Boom

HUANG Weidi, GUO Yitao, WANG Feng, ZONG Huaizhi, ZHANG Junhui, NI Xiaohao, XU Bing

State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027

Received:2024-11-24 Revised:2025-01-02 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-11-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 液压挖掘机通常采用单动力源供多执行器的集中式驱动方式，存在节流损失大、势能利用率低等问题，平均效率低。分布式电静液作动系统采用独立变转速控制，消除了系统的节流损失，并在超越负载下回收能量，是提高效率的有效方案。开发一款集成一体式、四象限工况运行的大功率高转速电静液作动器(Electro-hydraulic actuator，EHA)，将其应用于6 t挖掘机动臂执行器位置，进行详细的性能测试，并分析其能量效率与损耗分布情况。在动臂举升下降周期内，EHA系统驱动效率最高达61.2%，能量回收效率最高达53.3%，在损耗分布方面，电机泵的损耗占EHA总损耗的80%以上，电机泵的效率优化至关重要。本研究实现了EHA在挖掘机上的应用，为提高工程机械电液控制系统的能量效率提供一种有效的解决方案。

关键词: 挖掘机, 电静液作动器, 集成一体式设计, 能量效率, 能量回收

Abstract: Hydraulic excavator mainly adopts the centralized drive mode of single power source for multi-actuator, which has the problems of large throttle loss and low utilization rate of potential energy, resulting in low average efficiency. The distributed electro-hydraulic system adopts independent variable speed control, eliminates the throttle loss and recovers the energy under assistive conditions, which is an effective solution to improve the efficiency. Therefore, a self-contained electro-hydraulic actuator (EHA) is designed to offer high power, high speed and four-quadrant operation capabilities, which is integrated into the 6t excavator boom to conduct a comprehensive performance test and analyze the energy efficiency and loss distribution. During the cycle of boom raising and lowing, the driving efficiency of EHA is up to 61.2% and the energy recuperation efficiency of EHA is up to 53.3%. In terms of loss distribution, the loss of motor-pump accounts for more than 80% of the total loss of EHA, and the efficiency optimization of motor-pump is very important. This study realizes the application of the EHA in the excavator, and provides an effective solution to improve the energy efficiency of the electro-hydraulic control system of the mobile machinery.

Key words: excavator, electro-hydraulic actuator, integrated design, energy efficiency, energy recuperation

中图分类号:

TH137

黄伟迪, 郭怡涛, 王峰, 纵怀志, 张军辉, 倪小昊, 徐兵. 挖掘机动臂集成一体式电静液作动器的设计与能量效率研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(18): 396-405.

HUANG Weidi, GUO Yitao, WANG Feng, ZONG Huaizhi, ZHANG Junhui, NI Xiaohao, XU Bing. Design and Energy Efficiency Research of an Integrated Electro-hydraulic Actuator for Excavator Boom[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(18): 396-405.

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挖掘机动臂集成一体式电静液作动器的设计与能量效率研究

Design and Energy Efficiency Research of an Integrated Electro-hydraulic Actuator for Excavator Boom

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