• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (18): 204-213.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.18.204

• 运载工程 • 上一篇    

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新型深海悬浮式采矿模式的系统设计与分析

肖家栾1, 孙燕杰2, 曹阳2, 杜新光2, 曹军军1, 姚宝恒1, 连琏1   

  1. 1. 上海交通大学海洋学院 上海 200030;
    2. 中国船舶科学研究中心上海分部 上海 200011
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-13 修回日期:2024-07-05 发布日期:2025-11-08
  • 作者简介:肖家栾,男,2000年出生。主要研究方向为水下机器人动力学建模及运动控制。E-mail:jl-xiao@sjtu.edu.cn;曹军军(通信作者),男,1989年出生,博士,副研究员,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为水下机器人结构设计、非线性自适应控制和低功耗嵌入式控制系统设计与开发。E-mail:cpcjj19890318@sjtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2801600)、国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(42206189,52301328)和上海市科学技术委员会青年科技英才扬帆计划(21YF1419900)资助项目

System Design and Analysis of a Novel Deep-sea Hovering Mining Mode

XIAO Jialuan1, SUN Yanjie2, CAO Yang2, DU Xinguang2, CAO Junjun1, YAO Baoheng1, LIAN Lian1   

  1. 1. School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030;
    2. Shanghai Branch, China Ship Scientific Research Center, Shanghai 200011
  • Received:2024-06-13 Revised:2024-07-05 Published:2025-11-08

摘要: 深海多金属结核采矿作业过程中,传统的履带式采矿机器人由于重量和采矿模式的原因,会对深海底壤造成破坏式压陷以及对沉积物产生强烈的扰动羽流,导致底栖生态环境发生不可逆的变化,严重破坏深海生境。针对上述问题,中国船舶科学研究中心基于遥控水下机器人提出一种新型的悬浮式采矿模式,通过控制采矿机器人齿耙的贯入深度以及降低系统运行功率,最大化减小采矿系统对海洋生境的影响。采用悬浮作业模式,机器人不仅会受到海流的干扰,而且会受到采矿过程中沉积物堆积造成的阻力和纵倾力矩。此外,采矿过程中机器人内部暂存结核的时变质量是导致机器人不稳定的另一个因素。首先,基于上述背景介绍新型深海悬浮式采矿系统各个组成部件的结构布置;然后,系统地阐述深海悬浮式采矿系统的工作原理,并探讨采矿机器人在工作过程中的受力分析;接着,建立质量和重心时变的水下机器人动力学模型,并详细分析悬浮式采矿作业过程中机器人质量参数的变化;最后,聚焦于质量参数时变及外界扰动两个问题,通过仿真分析采矿机器人在不同工况下的运动响应及相应的控制输入,验证该新型采矿模式的可行性。仿真结果表明,采集头中的结核质量会降低采矿机器人的横滚运动响应,增大采矿机器人在转艏运动在外界扰动下的不稳定性。在预设极限工况下,采矿机器人的推力至多增加22.4%,此时仍处于有效工作范围内,不影响悬浮式采矿系统稳定运行。分析结果对悬浮式采矿模式的工程应用具有一定的指导意义。

关键词: 深海采矿, 悬浮式采矿模式, 水下机器人, 动力学建模, 质量时变

Abstract: During deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining operations, conventional tracked mining vehicles can cause destructive indentation of the seafloor benthos and strong disturbance plumes to the sediment due to their weight and mining mode, leading to irreversible changes in the benthic ecosystems and serious damage to deep-sea habitats. To address the above problems, China Ship Scientific Research Center proposes a novel hovering mining mode based on remotely operated underwater vehicles, which minimizes the impact of the mining system on marine habitats by controlling the penetration depth of the mining equipment and reducing the operating power of the system. With hovering operation mode, the mining vehicle will not only be disturbed by sea currents, but also by drag and longitudinal pitch moment caused by sediment accumulated during the mining process. In addition, the time-varying mass of the nodules temporarily stored inside the vehicle during the mining process is another uncertainty that leads to instability. Based on the background above, the structural arrangement of each component of the new deep-sea hovering mining system is firstly introduced; then, the working principle of the deep-sea hovering mining system is systematically elaborated with the forces of the mining vehicle in the working process analyzed; next, the mining vehicle dynamics model with time-varying mass and center of gravity is established and the variation of vehicle mass parameters during the mining process of this new mining mode is analyzed in detail; Finally, the motion response of the mining vehicle under different working conditions and corresponding control inputs are analyzed by simulations to verify the feasibility of this new mining mode. The simulation results show that the mass of nodules in the collecting head decreases the roll motion response of the mining vehicle, however increases its instability in the yaw motion under external perturbations. Under preset extreme operating condition, the thrust of the mining vehicle is increased by up to 22.4%, which is still within the effective operating range and will not affect the system's stable operation. The analysis results are instructive for applying hovering mining mode in engineering.

Key words: deep-sea mining, hovering mining mode, underwater vehicle, dynamic modelling, time-varying mass

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