电控盖板螺栓结合面建模及辐射噪声抑制

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.17.161

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对电控盖板结合面螺栓线性模拟导致性能偏差较大的工程问题，采用有限元模态分析、试验模态分析与集成优化相结合的技术手段，提出一种虚拟材料层分块建模及参数辨识方法，根据电控盖板结构特征，提出噪声评估方法并完成结构设计优化。考虑电控盖板螺栓结合面刚度非均匀分布的特点，提出改进的虚拟材料层法，对虚拟材料层进行分块处理，以模态仿真值与模态试验值的平均偏差最小为优化目标，采用代理模型优化求解并确定虚拟材料层参数，提升建模精度。以关注频段的最大等效辐射声功率最小化为优化目标，低频段的多阶模态满足设定值为约束条件，控制加强筋体积分数以保持轻量化设计，在考虑工艺性基础上开展电控盖板结构拓扑优化，参考拓扑优化结果改进电控盖板加强筋结构，通过虚拟验证和试验验证，确认优化方案的噪声改善效果。结果表明：改进虚拟材料层法可使前六阶模态的平均偏差从4.29%降低到0.12%；盖板结构优化后，在1 400～2 200 Hz频率范围内，辐射噪声在一定程度上得到改善，说明优化技术路线的有效性。

关键词: 螺栓结合面, 虚拟材料层, 代理模型, 拓扑优化, 辐射噪声

Abstract: An engineering issue concerning the substantial performance discrepancy resulting from the linear simulation of the bolted joint interface for cover plate has been addressed. This has been achieved through the integration of finite element modal analysis, experimental modal analysis, and integrated optimization. A novel virtual material layer block modeling and parameter identification technique has been developed, which is tailored to the structural characteristics of cover plate. Additionally, a noise evaluation method has been introduced to facilitate structural design optimization. In response to the non-uniform stiffness distribution of the bolted joint interfaces, an enhanced virtual material layer method has been developed. This method involves the subdivision of the virtual material layer and utilization of surrogate model. The optimization objective is to minimize the average deviation between finite element modal values and experimental modal values, thereby improving the accuracy of the modeling. The optimization focuses on minimizing the maximum equivalent radiated acoustic power within concerned frequency band. This is achieved by ensuring that the multi-order modes in the low-frequency range meet the set value as a constraint. The volume fraction of stiffeners is controlled to preserve a lightweight design. Furthermore, based on manufacturability considerations, topology optimization of cover plate has been conducted. Refining the reinforcement structure based on topology optimization results, a noise reduction has been confirmed through virtual validation and experimental confirmation. The results indicate that the enhanced virtual material layer method has reduced the average deviation of the first six orders of modal frequencies, from 4.29% to 0.12%. Post-optimization, the radiated noise within the frequency band of 1 400-2 200 Hz has been favorably impacted, confirming the efficacy of the developed optimization approach.

Key words: bolted interface, virtual material layer, surrogate model, topology optimization, radiated noise

中图分类号:

U463
TH122

苏永雷, 张志飞. 电控盖板螺栓结合面建模及辐射噪声抑制[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(17): 161-170.

SU Yonglei, ZHANG Zhifei. Dynamic Modeling of Bolted-joint Interface and Radiated Noise Reduction for Cover Plate[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(17): 161-170.

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