2195铝锂合金超低温变形各向异性行为及组织演变规律

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.14.073

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 铝锂合金的各向异性对材料的成形性能具有显著影响。研究2195铝锂合金在室温(RT)和-196 ℃超低温(CT)下的各向异性力学行为及微观组织演变。采用超低温拉伸与耦合数字图像散斑(Digital image correlation, DIC)相结合的技术，通过室温和超低温单拉测试、超低温原位拉伸扫描电镜观察，获得了铝锂合金板材沿不同方向的拉伸性能、应变硬化指数n值及各向异性指数r值，表征了沿不同方向拉伸时的晶粒变形情况，分析了织构随拉伸变形的演变规律。研究表明，-196 ℃下2195铝锂合金的n值提高，r值增加，Δr值降低。超低温下变形时，铝锂合金沿不同方向变形时有更多晶粒参与变形，变形均匀性提高，超低温能够加速Copper {112} <111>→S {123} <634>→Brass {011} <211>的织构演变过程，减少Copper织构组分，从而提高r值，并且超低温变形能够降低β纤维织构的体积分数，弱化了织构对面内各向异性的影响，从而降低Δr值。该结果表明超低温下变形有利于提高铝锂合金变形均匀性，并揭示了铝合金超低温下面内各向异性降低的微观机制，为铝合金超低温成形技术的应用奠定理论基础。

关键词: 2195铝锂合金, 超低温变形, 各向异性, 织构, 晶粒变形

Abstract: The anisotropic behavior of Al-Li alloy significantly influences its formability. The anisotropic mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution of 2195 Al-Li alloy at room temperature (RT) and -196 ℃ ultra-cryogenic temperature (CT) were studied. The tensile properties, strain hardening exponent n value, and anisotropy index r-value of 2195 Al-Li alloy along different directions were obtained by using the technology of CT tensile combined with digital image correlation (DIC), through the uniaxial tensile test at RT and CT. The grain deformation and the texture evolution with tensile deformation were analyzed, through ultra-cryogenic in-situ tensile scanning electron microscope observation. The results show that the n value of 2195 Al-Li alloy increases, the r-value increases, and the Δr value decreases at -196 ℃. When deformed at CT, more grains participate in deformation in different directions of Al-Li alloy, and the deformation uniformity is improved. Ultra-cryogenic temperature can accelerate the texture evolution process of Copper {112} <111>→S {123} <634>→Brass {011} <211>, thereby reducing the Copper texture components and increasing the r-value. In addition, the CT deformation will reduce the volume fraction of the β fiber texture, thereby weakening the influence of texture on in-plane anisotropy and decreasing the Δr value. The results show that the deformation uniformity of Al-Li alloy can be improved at CT, and reveals the micro-mechanism of the anisotropy reduction in the aluminum alloy under CT, laying a theoretical foundation for the application of aluminum alloy CT forming technology.

Key words: 2195 Al-Li alloy, cryogenic deformation, anisotropy, texture, grain deformation

中图分类号:

TG156

姚梦佳, 王睿乾, 刘伟. 2195铝锂合金超低温变形各向异性行为及组织演变规律[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(14): 73-80.

YAO Mengjia, WANG Ruiqian, LIU Wei. Anisotropy Behaviors and Microstructure Evolution of 2195 Al-Li Alloy during Ultra-cryogenic Deformation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(14): 73-80.

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