供给条件对微量第二润滑介质扩散特性的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.01.274

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为应对海洋冲击等短时工况导致的水润滑轴承高摩擦问题，可向轴承内部供给微量第二润滑介质来实现减摩降磨。前期实验发现第二介质的供给条件对润滑指标具有显著影响，因此需要联立混合润滑模型和流体体积模型，进一步研究不同供给条件下第二润滑介质在水膜中的扩散规律。结果表明，将供油口设置在进水端附近可避开“回流效应”的阻碍，保证微量第二润滑介质迅速扩散到最可能发生固体接触的区域。高供油量时的油柱更长、距离艉轴表面更近，因此油液扩散程度相比低供油量时更加明显，可在进水端一侧发现“油墙积聚”。大尺寸供油口形成的“矮粗”油柱无法发生明显扩散，难以发挥微量第二润滑介质的功能。而小尺寸供油口形成的“细长”油柱可快速扩散到最小膜厚位置；尽管“回流效应”阻止了润滑油沿轴承中部的周向流动，并在中部形成“无油区”，但扩散后的润滑油布满了轴承两侧的圆周区域，具有“双侧对称承载”的效果。

关键词: 水润滑轴承, 微量第二润滑介质, 流体体积模型, 扩散状态, 供油条件

Abstract: In order to cope with the high friction of water-lubricated bearings under the short-time harsh working conditions, a small quantity of second lubricant can be supplied into the bearings to reduce the friction and wear. The previous experiments indicate that the supply conditions of the second lubricant have significant effects on the lubrication performance parameters, so it is necessary to establish the mixed lubrication model and the volume of fluid model to further study the diffusion law of the second lubricant in the water film under different supply conditions. Setting the oil injection port near the inlet end face can avoid the obstruction of the "backflow effect" and ensure that a small quantity of the second lubricant can quickly diffuse into the area where solid contact is most likely to occur. Compared with the case of low oil supply volume, the oil column is longer at high oil supply volume, and is closer to the surface of the stern shaft, so the degree of oil diffusion is more obvious, with the "oil wall" phenomenon being found at the inlet side. The "short and thick oil column" from the large oil injection port cannot spread significantly, making it difficult to perform the function of a small quantity of second lubricant. The "thin and long oil column" from the small oil injection port can quickly diffuse to the position of the minimum film thickness. Although the "backflow effect" prevents the circumferential flow of lubricating oil along the middle of the bearing and forms an "oil free zone", the diffused lubricating oil will fill the circumferential area on both sides of the bearing, thus having the effect of "symmetrical loading on both sides".

Key words: water-lubricated bearing, small quantity secondary lubricant, model of fluid volume, diffusion state, oil supply conditions

中图分类号:

TH133

梁庆琛, 梁鹏, 郭峰, 姜芙林, 张晓寒, 李书义. 供给条件对微量第二润滑介质扩散特性的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(1): 274-289.

LIANG Qingchen, LIANG Peng, GUO Feng, JIANG Fulin, ZHANG Xiaohan, LI Shuyi. Influence of Supply Conditions on the Diffusion Characteristics of Small Quantity Secondary Lubricant[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(1): 274-289.

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