受限润滑界面液固二相流场结构与颗粒运动行为耦合特性分析

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.20.351

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旋转系统由于工作环境复杂，润滑油中极易混入各种细小的固体颗粒，降低了设备的精度和稳定性，造成磨损、噪声、振动以及重要系统和支撑结构部件的损坏。为研究固体颗粒在受限润滑界面中的运动行为及其对润滑流场结构的反馈影响，以流体动压轴承为对象，考虑颗粒与流体的相间耦合作用，建立动压润滑过程中离散相固体颗粒与载体相动压流体的耦合数值模型，分析流场中颗粒运动行为与流场流速及动压分布的交互影响机制。结果表明，受到离心力场和流体剪切应力梯度的影响，流体在进油口处产生二次流现象，导致只有约占总数29.97%的颗粒进入楔形间隙，在收敛区停留或从端泄口流出流场，极少数颗粒(约0.38%)流入间隙发散区，并且其运动轨迹呈现类羽毛状，速度在收敛区整体呈现下降的趋势。研究明确了油液中颗粒的运动特性及其对油膜的动压性能的影响，为受限润滑界面润滑特性以及结构优化设计提供了参考。

关键词: 流体动压轴承, 液固二相流, 运动颗粒, 流场结构, 计算流体力学

Abstract: The lubricant was easily mixed with a variety of fine solid particles because of the complex working environment of the rotating system, which reduced the accuracy and stability of the equipment and caused wear and tear, noise, vibration, and damage to important system and supporting structure components. The inter-phase coupling effect between particles and fluid is taken into consideration for fluid dynamic pressure bearings in order to investigate the kinematic behavior of solid particles in the restricted lubrication interface and its feedback influence on the lubrication flow field structure. The coupling numerical model of discrete-phase solid particles and carrier-phase dynamic pressure fluid in the dynamic pressure lubrication process is established to analyze the interaction effects. The findings demonstrated that the fluid produced a secondary flow phenomenon at the inlet under the influence of the centrifugal force field and fluid shear stress gradient. As a result, only about 29.97% of the total number of particles entered the wedge gap and stayed in the convergence zone or flowed out of the flow field from the end drain. Very few particles(about 0.38%) flowed into the gap divergence zone, and their trajectories had a feather-like shape. Its velocity shows an overall decreasing trend in the convergence zone. The dissertation provides a reference for the lubrication characteristics of the restricted lubrication interface and the optimum design of the structure by elucidating the motion characteristics of the oil particle motion and their impact on the dynamic pressure performance of the oil film.

Key words: fluid dynamic pressure bearing, liquid-solid two-phase flow, moving particles, flow field structure, computational fluid dynamics

中图分类号:

TG156

廖贵文, 张毅, 魏凯, 刘小君, 王伟. 受限润滑界面液固二相流场结构与颗粒运动行为耦合特性分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(20): 351-360.

LIAO Guiwen, ZHANG Yi, WEI Kai, LIU Xiaojun, WANG Wei. Coupling Characteristics of Liquid-solid Two-phase Flow Field Structure and Particle Motion Behavior at Restricted Lubrication Interface[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(20): 351-360.

参考文献

[1] 刘桂珍，于影，于峰，等. 非稳态油膜力的转子-定子-轴承系统碰摩故障研究[J]. 中国工程机械学报，2013，11(5)：432-436. LIU Guizhen，YU Ying，YU Feng，et al. Rubbing fault study on unsteady oil-film forces for rotor-stator bearing system[J]. Chinese Journal of Construction Machinery，2013，11(5)：432-436.
[2] ZHANG Yi，WANG Wei，WEI Daogao，et al. Coupling analysis of tribological and dynamical behavior for a thermal turbulent fluid lubricated floating ring bearing-rotor system at ultra-high speeds[J]. Tribology International，2022，165：107325.
[3] Gebretsadik D W，Hardell J，Prakash B. Embedability behaviour of some Pb-free engine bearing materials in the presence of abrasive particles in engine oil[J]. Tribology-Materials Surfaces & Interfaces，2019，13(1)：39-49.
[4] Potapov A V，Hunt M L，Campbell C S. Liquid-solid flows using smoothed particle hydrodynamics and the discrete element method[J]. Powder Technology，2001，116(2)：204-213.
[5] WANG Wei，LIU Kun，JIAO M. Thermal and non-Newtonian analysis on mixed liquid-solid lubrication[J]. Tribology International，2007，40(7)：1067-1074.
[6] Poddar S，Tandon N. Detection of particle contamination in journal bearing using acoustic emission and vibration monitoring techniques[J]. Tribology International，2019，134：154-164.
[7] LI Y，ZHANG X. In advances in chemical engineering[M]. New York：Academic Press，1994.
[8] 裴世源，郑文斌，洪军. 剪切稀化对径向滑动轴承润滑特性的影响[J]. 机械工程学报，2020，56(1)：100-109. PEI Shiyuan，ZHENG Wenbin，HONG Jun. Influence of shear-thinning effect on the characteristics of journal film bearing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2020，56(1)：100-109.
[9] 刘赵淼，金秋颖，张成印，等. 引入温-粘及压-粘关系式的油膜工作性能数值分析[J]. 计算力学学报，2011，28(B04)：69-73. LIU Zhaomiao，JIN Qiuying，ZHANG Chengyin，et al. Numerical analysis of temperature-viscosity and pressure-viscosity characteristics influence on the working performance of oil film[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics，2011，28(B04)：69-73.
[10] Bou-Said B，Boucherit H，Lahmar M. On the influence of particle concentration in a lubricant and its rheological properties on the bearing behavior[J]. Mechanics & Industry，AFM，EDP Sciences，2012，13(2)：111-121.
[11] Jesda P. Effect of nano and micro particle additives on rough surface TEHL with non-newtonian lubricant[J]. Applied Mechanics & Materials，2015，736：45-52.
[12] Mongkolwongrojn M，Rattapasakorn S. Effect of nanoparticle additives on rough surface cylinder in line contact under TEHL with non-Newtonian lubricant[J]. Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design Systems & Manufacturing，2014，8(3)：JAMDSM0042.
[13] Srivyas P D，Charoo M S. A review on tribological characterization of lubricants with nano additives for automotive applications[J]. Tribology in Industry，2018，40(4)：594-623.
[14] HU C，BAI M，LÜ J，et al. Molecular dynamics simulation of mechanism of nanoparticle in improving load-carrying capacity of lubricant film[J]. Computational Materials Science，2015，109：97-103.
[15] Raina A，Haq M I U，Anand A，et al. Nanodiamond particles as secondary additive for polyalphaolefin oil lubrication of steel-aluminium contact[J]. Nanomaterials，2021，11(6)：1438.
[16] ZHU Y C，XIAO Q H，GAO M X，et al. Flow characteristics analysis of a two-phase suspension between rotating porous cylinders with radial and axial flows[J]. Thermal Science，2018，22(4)：1857-1864.
[17] ZHU H P，ZHOU Z Y，YANG R Y，et al. Discrete particle simulation of particulate systems：Theoretical developments[J]. Chemical Engineering Science，2007，62(13)：3378-3396.
[18] LI Nana，HAN Haiyan，CAO Fan. Influence of solid particle distribution on bearing lubrication[J]. Lubrication and Sealing，2018，43(8)：32-35.
[19] HE Chen，YU Fanzheng，YANG Kun. Particulates distribution in the dynamic pressure sliding bearing under the oil lubrication condition[J]. Journal of Physics： Conference Series，2021，1885(3)：32-44.
[20] SUN X S，Sakai M，Sakai M T. A Lagrangian-Lagrangian coupled method for three-dimensional solid-liquid flows involving free surfaces in a rotating cylindrical tank[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal，2014，246(15)：122-141.
[21] Bruno B，Manon L，Christoph G，et al. Development of an unresolved CFD-DEM model for the flow of viscous suspensions and its application to solid-liquid mixing[J]. Journal of Computational Physics，2016，318：201-221.
[22] Bruno B，Francois B. CFD-DEM investigation of viscous solid-liquid mixing：Impact of particle properties and mixer characteristics[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design，2017，118：270-285.
[23] Bruno B，Olivier B，Louis Fradette，et al. CFD-DEM simulations of early turbulent solid-liquid mixing：Prediction of suspension curve and just-suspended speed[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design，2017，123：388-406.
[24] Hamid B，Benyebka B S，Mustapha L. The effect solid particle lubricant contamination on the dynamic behavior of compliant journal bearing[J]. Lubrication Science，2017，29：425-439.
[25] Mizuhara K，Tomimoto M，Yamamoto T. Effect of particles on lubricated friction[J]. Tribology Transactions，2000，43(1)：51-56.
[26] XIE Z，ZHANG Y，ZHOU J，et al. Theoretical and experimental research on the micro interface lubrication regime of water lubricated bearing[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2020，151(3)：107422.
[27] 张志君，金柱男，辛相锦，等. 基于VOF方法的湿式离合器润滑油路CFD数值模拟[J]. 东北大学学报(自然科学版)，2020，41(5)：716-722. ZHANG Zhijun，JIN Zhunan，XIN Xiangjin，et al. VOF method based CFD numerical simulation for wet clutch lubricating oil passage[J]. Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science)，2020，41(5)：716-722.
[28] XIE Zhongliang，WANG Xuerui，ZHU Weidong. Theoretical and experimental exploration into the fluid structure coupling dynamic behaviors towards water-lubricated bearing with axial asymmetric grooves[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2021，168(1)：108624.
[29] 胡杨，朱礼进，孟永钢. 两相流中气泡含量对大型可倾瓦径向轴承性能影响的试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2021，57(11)：220-227. HU Yang，ZHU Lijin，MENG Yonggang. Experimental study on influence of gas volume fraction in two-phase flow on lubrication performance of large tilting pad journal bearing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2021，57(11)：220-227.
[30] 黄社华，李炜，程良骏. 任意流场中稀疏颗粒运动方程的数值解法及其应用[J]. 水动力学研究与进展(A辑)，1999(1)：51-61. HUANG Shehua，LI Wei，CHENG Liangjun. On numerical method of resolving discrete solid particles’ motion equation and its applications[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics(A Series)，1999(1)：51-61.
[31] 沈明武，雒建斌，温诗铸.金刚石纳米颗粒对薄膜润滑性能的影响[J]. 机械工程学报，2001，37(1)：14-18. SHEN Mingwu，LUO Jianbin，WEN Shizhu. Influence of diamond nano-particles on the tribological properties of thin film lubrication[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2001，37(1)：14-18.
[32] han Haiyan，ZHANG Youyun，ZHONG Zhenyuan. Effect of particle transient motion on lubrication[J]. Industrial Lubrication & Tribology，2010，62(3)：126-135.
[33] Tomac I，Gutierrez M . Fluid lubrication effects on particle flow and transport in a channel[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow，2014，65：143-156.
[34] Ali M E，MITRA D，SCHWILLE J A，et al. Hydrodynamic stability of a suspension in cylindrical Couette flow[J]. Physics of Fluids，2002，14(3)：1236-1236.
[35] GUZMAN B F L，RIBEIRO D O S J，SEABRA M L，et al. Experimental investigation of the tribological behavior of lubricants with additive containing copper nanoparticles[J]. Tribology International，2018，117：52-58.
[36] SHI D Y，SHI X J，SHl X B. Numerical computation of dynamic character coefficient of journal ycaring[J]. Kcy Engineering Materials，2011，486(7)：45-48.
[37] XIE Z，ZHU W. Theoretical and experimental exploration on the micro asperity contact load ratios and lubrication regimes transition for water-lubricated stern tube bearing[J]. Tribology International，2021，164：107105.
[38] Hammza T M，Abdulkareem A A，ABAS E N. Influence of the solid particles nanofluid on the dynamic behaviour of rotor fluid film journal bearing systems[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments，2020，43(7)：149-162.