多工况风电叶片颤振相关性分析与气弹优化

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.20.300

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 风电叶片稳定性涉及工况多、设计参数多、颤振机理复杂，给叶片设计带来巨大挑战。为探究大型风电叶片铺层设计参数与颤振特性的隐式关联性及气弹设计规律，以NREL 5MW风力机叶片为研究对象，基于复合材料层合板理论、修正叶素动量理论、欧拉梁模型和气动阻尼计算方法，计算旋转工况和停机工况叶片各主要振动模态下的气动阻尼；采用灰色关联度和Person相关系数，获得叶片铺层设计参数与颤振特性参数多元相关性图谱；基于多工况气动阻尼优化，获得铺层优化解集与设计知识，为风电长柔叶片精细化气弹设计提供方法与知识参考。结果表明，叶片颤振气动阻尼与尾缘泡沫厚度、碳纤维厚度、腹板间距、腹板泡沫厚度参数强相关；旋转工况与停机工况叶片一二阶挥舞气动阻尼呈显著负相关，而两工况一阶摆振阻尼呈显著正相关，二阶摆振阻尼无明显相关性；增大腹板间距、腹板泡沫厚度、碳纤维厚度、碳纤维角度和尾缘泡沫厚度可以获得旋转工况和停机工况各阶模态气动阻尼综合更优的叶片。

关键词: 风力机叶片, 结构动力学, 叶素动量理论, 颤振, 气弹耦合

Abstract: Wind power blade stability involves many working conditions, many design parameters and complex flutter mechanism, which brings great challenges to blade design. To explore the implicit correlation between the layering design parameters and flutter characteristics of large wind turbine blades and the aerodynamic design rules, the blades of NREL 5MW wind turbine were taken as the research object, and the aerodynamic damping of blades under rotating and shutdown conditions was calculated based on the composite laminar theory, the modified blade element momentum theory, the Euler beam model and aerodynamic damping calculation method. The grey correlation degree and the person correlation coefficient were applied to obtain the multiple correlation graphs between blade layering design parameters and flutter characteristic parameters. Based on the aerodynamic damping optimization under multiple conditions, the optimal layup solution set and design knowledge were obtained, which provided methods and knowledge reference for the fine aero-elastic design of wind turbine blades. Results show that the aerodynamic damping of blade flutter is strongly related to the trailing edge foam thickness, carbon-fibre thickness, web spacing, and web foam thickness. There is a significant negative correlation between the first and second order flap-wise damping of the blade under rotation condition and shutdown condition, while the first order edgewise damping presents a significant positive correlation, and the second order edgewise damping has no obvious correlation. The increase of web spacing, web foam thickness, carbon fibre thickness, carbon fibre angle and trailing edge foam thickness produces enhanced aerodynamic damping blades under rotating and shutdown conditions.

Key words: wind turbine blades, structural dynamics, blade element momentum theory, flutter, aeroelastic coupling

中图分类号:

TK83

唐新姿, 李可翔, 何文双, 陈睿, 彭锐涛. 多工况风电叶片颤振相关性分析与气弹优化[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(20): 300-314.

TANG Xinzi, LI Kexiang, HE Wenshuang, CHEN Rui, PENG Ruitao. Flutter Correlation Analysis and Aeroelastic Optimization of Wind Turbine Blades under Multi-conditions[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(20): 300-314.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.2024.20.300

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V60/I20/300

参考文献

[1] HAYAT K，HA S K. Load mitigation of wind turbine blade by aeroelastic tailoring via unbalanced laminates composites[J]. Composite Structures，2015，128：122-133.
[2] CHEN J，SHEN X，ZHU X C，et al. Study on composite bend-twist coupled wind turbine blade for passive load mitigation[J]. Composite Structures，2019，213：173-189.
[3] 黄俊东，夏鸿建，李德源，等. 大型风力机柔性叶片非线性气弹模态分析[J]. 机械工程学报，2020，56(14)：180-187. HUANG Jundong，XIA Hongjian，LI Deyuan，et al. Nonlinear aeroelastic modal analysis of flexible blade of large wind turbine[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2020，56(14)：180-187.
[4] 戴丽萍，白雪峰，王晓东，等. 大型风力机叶片颤振边界的预测分析[J]. 工程热物理学报，2022，43(9)：2357-2362. DAI Liping，BAI Xuefeng，WANG Xiaodong，et al. Prediction and analysis of blade flutter boundary of large wind turbine[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Thermophysics，2022，43(9)：2357-2362.
[5] 柯世堂，陆曼曼，吴鸿鑫，等. 基于风洞试验15 MW风力机叶片颤振后形态与能量图谱研究[J]. 空气动力学学报，2022，40(4)：168-180. KE Shitang，LU Manman，WU Hongxin，et al. Study on post-flutter morphology and energy profile of 15 MW wind turbine blades based on wind tunnel test[J]. Journal of Aerodynamics，2012，40(4)：168-180.
[6] GAO Q，CAI X，GUO X W，et al. Parameter sensitivities analysis for classical flutter speed of a horizontal axis wind turbine blade[J]. Journal of Central South University，2018，25(7)：1746-1754.
[7] 池志强，夏鸿建，李德源，等. 风力机柔性叶片模态气动阻尼分析方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2018，54(2)：176-183. CHI Zhiqiang，XIA Hongjian，LI Deyuan，et al. Research on modal aerodynamic damping analysis method of flexible blade of wind turbine [J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2018，54(2)：176-183.
[8] 郑玉巧，马辉东，卢秉喜. 铺层材料单层厚度对风力机叶片低阶模态频率的影响分析[J]. 太阳能学报，2022，43(9)：337-342. ZHENG Yuqiao，MA Huidong，LU Bingxi. Analysis of influence of single layer thickness of cladding material on low-order modal frequency of wind turbine blade[J]. Acta Solar Energy Sinica，2022，43(9)：337-342.
[9] 任勇生，杜向红，杨树莲. 风力机复合材料柔性叶片的颤振分析[J]. 振动与冲击，2011，30(9)：64-69，128. REN Yongsheng，DU Xianghong，YANG Shulian. Flutter analysis of composite flexible blade of wind turbine[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock，2011，30(9)：64-69，128.
[10] 陈进，李松林，沈文忠，等. 气动弹性影响下复合材料风力机叶片结构设计[J]. 太阳能学报，2017，38(5)：1354-1360. CHEN Jin，LI Songlin，SHEN Wenzhong，et al. Design of composite wind turbine blade structure under the influence of aeroelasticity[J]. Chinese Journal of Solar Energy，2017，38(5)：1354-1360.
[11] SHAKYA P，SUNNY M R，MAITI D K. Nonlinear flutter analysis of a bend-twist coupled composite wind turbine blade in time domain[J]. Composite Structures，2022(3)：284.
[12] 张兰挺，邓海龙，郜佳佳，等. 铺层参数对风力机叶片静态结构性能的影响分析[J]. 太阳能学报，2014，35(6)：1059-1064. ZHANG Lanting，DENG Hailong，GAO Jiajia，et al. Analysis of influence of layering parameters on static structural performance of wind turbine blades[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica，2014，35(6)：1059-1064.
[13] 孙鹏文，邢哲健，王慧敏，等. 复合纤维风力机叶片结构铺层优化设计研究[J]. 太阳能学报，2015，36(6)：1410-1417. SUN Pengwen，XING ZheJian，WANG Huimin，et al. Study on optimal layup design of composite fiber wind turbine blade structure[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica，2015，36(6)：1410-1417.
[14] ALBANESI A，ROMAN N，BRE F，et al. A metamodel-based optimization approach to reduce the weight of composite laminated wind turbine blades[J]. Composite Structures，2018，194(6)：345-356.
[15] CHEN J，WANG Q，SHEN W Z，et al. Structural optimization study of composite wind turbine blade [J]. Materials&Design，2013，46：247-255.
[16] 汪泉，陈晓田，胡梦杰，等. 基于气动性能与刚度特性的风力机翼型优化设计[J]. 中国机械工程，2020，31(19)：2283-2289. WANG Quan，CHEN Xiaotian，HU Mengjie，et al. Optimal design of wind turbine airfoil based on aerodynamic performance and stiffness characteristics[J]. China Mechanical Engineering，2020，31(19)：2283-2289.
[17] JONKMAN J，BUTTERFIELD S，MUSIAL W，et al. Definition of a 5-MW reference wind turbine for offshore system development[M]. Colorado：National Renewable Energy Laboratory，2009.
[18] 张立，闫阳天，李春，等. 兆瓦级水平轴风力机叶片铺层设计参数影响分析[J]. 热能动力工程，2021，36(6)：133-142. ZHANG Li，YAN Yangtian，LI Chun，et al. Influence analysis of blade layup design parameters for megawatt horizontal axis wind turbine[J]. Thermal Energy and Power Engineering，2021，36(6)：133-142.
[19] 汪泉，陈进，王君，等. 气动载荷作用下复合材料风力机叶片结构优化设计[J]. 机械工程学报，2014，50(9)：114-121. WANG Quan，CHEN Jin，WANG Jun，et al. Optimal design of composite wind turbine blade structure under aerodynamic load[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2014，50(9)：114-121.
[20] 唐新姿，王效禹，袁可人，等. 风速不确定性对风力机气动力影响量化研究[J]. 力学学报，2020，52(1)：51-59. TANG Xinzi，WANG Xiaoyu，YUAN Keren，et al. Quantitative study of wind velocity uncertainty on aerodynamic dynamics of wind turbines[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Mechanics，2019，52(1)：51-59.
[21] KALLESØE B S. Effect of steady deflections on the aeroelastic stability of a turbine blade[J]. Wind Energy， 2011，14：209-224
[22] PETERSEN J T，THOMSEN K. Prediction of induced vibrations in stall[C]//Contributions from the department wind energy and atmospheric Physics to EWEC’99 in Nice，France，1999：203-206.
[23] 蒋荣超，慈树坤，刘大维，等. 基于灰色关联分析的碳纤维增强树脂复合材料控制臂铺层优化[J]. 复合材料学报，2022，39(1)：390-398. JIANG Rongchao，CI Shukun，LIU Dawei，et al. Overlay optimization of carbon fiber reinforced resin composite control arm based on grey correlation analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Composite Materials，2019，39(1)：390-398.
[24] 楼文娟，余江，潘小涛. 风力机叶片挥舞摆振气弹失稳分析[J]. 工程力学，2015，32(11)：236-242. LOU Wenjuan，YU Jiang，PAN Xiaotao. Analysis of aerodynamic instability of wind turbine blade under brandishing and wobbling[J]. Engineering Mechanics，2015，32(11)：236-242.
[25] 孙瑞，李春，丁勤卫，等. 大型风力机叶片模态性能及振动分析[J]. 热能动力工程，2018，33(10)：113-118, 152. SUN Rui，LI Chun，DING Qinwei，et al. Modal performance and vibration analysis of large wind turbine blades[J]. Thermal Energy and Power Engineering，2018，33(10)：113-118, 152.
[26] WANG Z D，LU Z Q，YI W Q，et al. A study of nonlinear aeroelastic response of a long flexible blade for the horizontal axis wind turbine[J]. Ocean Engineering，2023，279：113660.
[27] JIANG B W，HUI Y，YANG Q S， et al. Nonlinear dynamic analysis of parked large wind turbine blade considering harmonic inertial excitation using continuum mathematical model[J]. Thin-Walled Structures，2022，181(12)：110-128.
[28] 董新洪，孙鹏文，张兰挺，等. 风力机叶片铺层参数多目标优化设计[J]. 机械工程学报，2022，58(4)：165-173. DONG Xinhong，SUN Pengwen，ZHANG Lanting，et al. Multi-objective optimization design of wind turbine blade layup parameters[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2022，58(4)：165-173.