基于叶尖监测的航空发动机故障诊断与预警技术研究综述

doi:10.3901/JME.260035

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 叶片振动与叶尖间隙是反映航空发动机运行状态的关键参数，蕴含着丰富的故障与健康信息。通过实时监测与深度分析，可实现发动机的故障诊断与早期预警。综述叶片振动接触式测量方法以及叶尖定时和叶尖间隙等非接触式测量方法，介绍近年来国内外相关技术研究的重要成果，主要阐述叶片振动类型及典型故障、监测及辨识方法、故障诊断及预警方法共三个方面。其中，重点探讨这些技术在颤振、喘振和碰摩等典型故障中的应用。最后，从高精度高速采集、机理及演化路径、多源融合测试、故障数据库优化以及机器学习智能诊断五个方面，对基于叶尖监测的航空发动机故障诊断与预警技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词: 航空发动机, 叶片振动, 叶尖间隙, 故障诊断, 颤振预测, 喘振预警, 碰摩

Abstract: Blade vibration and tip clearance are critical parameters reflecting the operational status of aero-engines, containing abundant fault and health information. Real-time monitoring and deep analysis enable fault diagnosis and early warning of engines. This article reviews contact-based measurement methods for blade vibration as well as non-contact measurement techniques such as blade tip timing and tip clearance monitoring. It summarizes important research achievements in related technologies domestically and internationally in recent years, focusing on three main aspects: Types of blade vibration and typical faults, monitoring and identification methods, and fault diagnosis and warning methodes. In particular, the application of these techniques in typical faults such as flutter, surge, and rubbing is emphasized. Finally, the future development trends of aero-engine fault diagnosis and warning technology based on tip monitoring are prospected from five perspectives: high-precision high-speed acquisition, mechanism and evolution path analysis, multi-source fusion testing, fault database optimization, and machine learning-enabled intelligent diagnosis.

Key words: aero-engines, blade vibration, blade tip clearance, fault diagnosis, flutter prediction, surge warning, rubbing

中图分类号:

V232

王维民, 刘延振. 基于叶尖监测的航空发动机故障诊断与预警技术研究综述[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(2): 1-16.

WANG Weimin, LIU Yanzhen. Review on Aero-engine Fault Diagnosis and Early Warning Technology Based on Blade Tip Monitoring[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(2): 1-16.

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