塑性效应对盲孔法测量焊接残余应力影响的研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2022.16.206

机械工程学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (16): 206-214.doi: 10.3901/JME.2022.16.206

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塑性效应对盲孔法测量焊接残余应力影响的研究

左善超^1,2, 王德成¹, 杜兵¹, 程鹏¹, 关可铭¹, 张静¹

1. 中国机械科学研究总院中机生产力促进中心北京 100044;
2. 北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院北京 100083

收稿日期:2021-12-08 修回日期:2022-05-07 出版日期:2022-08-20 发布日期:2022-11-03
通讯作者: 王德成(通信作者)，男，1962年出生，研究员，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为机械可靠性设计等。E-mail：wangdc@cam.com.cn
作者简介:左善超，男，1990年出生，博士研究生。主要研究方向为精密焊接机床残余应力调控。E-mail：zuosc_fighting@163.com;
关可铭，男，1998年出生，硕士研究生。主要研究方向为精密焊接机床残余应力调控。E-mail：mingkeguan@sina.com
基金资助:
国家重大科技专项数控机床专项资助项目(2017ZX04012001)

Plasticity Effects in the Hole-drilling Residual Stress Measurements in Welded Structure

ZUO Shanchao^1,2, WANG Decheng¹, DU Bing¹, CHENG Peng¹, GUAN Keming¹, ZHANG Jing¹

1. China Productivity Center for Machinery, China Academy of Machinery Science & Technology, Beijing 100044;
2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083

Received:2021-12-08 Revised:2022-05-07 Online:2022-08-20 Published:2022-11-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 盲孔法测量高水平残余应力过程中，盲孔边缘因应力集中而发生塑性变形导致应力测量值偏大。采用物理试验与有限元数值模拟相结合的方法，引入与孔边形状改变比能相对应的参量S对高水平残余应力的应变释放系数修正，最后利用修正后的应变释放系数计算Q235钢焊接接头残余应力。试验结果显示，当测量应力小于175 MPa时，材料发生弹性变形，应变释放系数满足弹性变形理论，与应力大小无关。当应力值达到175 MPa时，盲孔因应力集中效应在边缘垂直于拉伸方向的截面上形成值为317.2 MPa的应力而发生屈服产生塑性变形，应力和应变呈非线性变化。此时，应变释放系数A随应力的变化较小，但应变释放系数B随应力的增大而减小。基于有限元计算结果构建形状改变比能对应的参量S与应变释放系数之间的方程来消除盲孔边缘塑性变形的影响后，测量精度大幅度提高。

关键词: 焊接残余应力, 盲孔法, 应变释放系数, 塑性效应, 有限元仿真

Abstract: In the process of measuring high-level residual stress by the hole-drilling method, the stress calculation is overestimated due to plastic deformation caused by stress concentration around the hole. The plasticity locally induced by the introduction of the hole is analyzed and a procedure is proposed to take into account its effects on measurements of the residual stress. And then the residual stress of welded joint is measured by the modified strain release coefficients. When the stress is less than 175 MPa, the material undergoes elastic deformation, and the strain release coefficient satisfies the elastic deformation theory, which is independent of the stress. However, when the stress value reaches 175 MPa, plastic deformation occurs due to the stress concentration effect around the hole, which a stress value of 317.2 MPa is formed on the section perpendicular to the tensile direction around the hole. Although the plastic deformation around the hole has little effect on the strain release coefficient A, the strain release coefficient B decreases with the increase of stress. Based on the finite element calculation results, the equation between the parameter of the distortion-energy and the strain release coefficient is constructed to eliminate the plastic effect around the hole, and the measurement accuracy is greatly improved.

Key words: welding residual stress, hole-drilling method, strain release coefficients, plasticity effects, finite element analysis

中图分类号:

TG806

左善超, 王德成, 杜兵, 程鹏, 关可铭, 张静. 塑性效应对盲孔法测量焊接残余应力影响的研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(16): 206-214.

ZUO Shanchao, WANG Decheng, DU Bing, CHENG Peng, GUAN Keming, ZHANG Jing. Plasticity Effects in the Hole-drilling Residual Stress Measurements in Welded Structure[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(16): 206-214.

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塑性效应对盲孔法测量焊接残余应力影响的研究

Plasticity Effects in the Hole-drilling Residual Stress Measurements in Welded Structure

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