交流电磁场检测技术钢轨表面裂纹高速检测研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2021.18.066

机械工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (18): 66-74.doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.18.066

• 特邀专栏：高速铁路钢轨检测监测与应用 • 上一篇下一篇

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交流电磁场检测技术钢轨表面裂纹高速检测研究

葛玖浩¹, 杨晨开¹, 胡宝旺¹, 王平¹, 李伟², 袁新安², 叶云飞³

1. 南京航空航天大学高速载运设施的无损检测和监控技术工信部重点实验室南京 211106;
2. 中国石油大学(华东)海洋油气装备与安全技术研究中心青岛 266555;
3. 南京铁道职业技术学院南京 211800

收稿日期:2021-01-07 修回日期:2021-06-05 出版日期:2021-09-20 发布日期:2021-11-30
通讯作者: 葛玖浩(通信作者),男,1990年出生,博士,讲师,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为电磁无损检测技术。E-mail:gejiuhao@nuaa.edu.cn
作者简介:杨晨开,男,1997年出生。主要研究方向为测控技术及仪器。E-mail:yangchenkai@nuaa.edu.cn;胡宝旺,男,1995年出生。主要研究方向为测控技术及仪器。E-mail:hbw000@nuaa.edu.cn;王平,男,1980年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为传感器及无损检测技术。E-mail:zeit@263.net;李伟,男,1980年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为电磁无损检测技术。E-mail:liwei@upc.edu.cn;袁新安,男,1990年出生,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为电磁无损检测技术。E-mail:xinancom@upc.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年基金（61903191）、江苏省自然科学基金青年（BK20190422）、国家自然科学基金重大科研仪器研制（61527803）、中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划（2017G003-D）、中央高校基本科研业务费（NJ2020014）和南京航空航天大学研究生开放基金（kfjj20200324）资助项目。

High-speed Detection of Surface Crack on Rail Using Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique

GE Jiuhao¹, YANG Chenkai¹, HU Baowang¹, WANG Ping¹, LI Wei², YUAN Xinan², YE Yunfei³

1. Nondestructive Detection and Monitoring Technology for High Speed Transportation Facilities, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016;
2. Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266555;
3. Nanjing Institute of Railway Technology, Nanjing 211800

Received:2021-01-07 Revised:2021-06-05 Online:2021-09-20 Published:2021-11-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 滚动疲劳裂纹等钢轨表面裂纹的存在会掩盖钢轨深层的核伤而导致漏检，同时，表面裂纹趋向于向水平和竖直方向扩展，造成钢轨表面掉块或钢轨断裂。为缩短检测空窗期，进一步提高高铁运行效率，实现钢轨表面裂纹的高速检测，基于交流电磁场检测技术开展钢轨表面裂纹高速检测技术研究。针对钢轨检测过程中存在的抖动和过高低轨现象，提出“滑靴”结构交流电磁场检测探头，根据钢轨表面裂纹分布特点，采用有限元法分析和优化探头排布；探究“滑靴”厚度对信号的影响。研发交流电磁场检测技术高速钢轨检测车模块，采用高速转盘试验和真实滚动疲劳裂纹检测试验分别验证所研发模块的速度敏感性和检测能力。高速转盘试验结果表明：所研发模块在高速80 km/h和低速0.72 km/h条件下具有相同的检测能力和灵敏度；高速检测条件下交流电磁场检测技术信号对不同深度裂纹具有较好的线性规律。真实滚动疲劳裂纹检测结果表明：采用“滑靴结构”交流电磁场检测探头可实现真实滚动疲劳裂纹检测。

关键词: 滚动疲劳裂纹, 高速检测, 钢轨, 斜裂纹

Abstract: The existence of surface cracks such as rolling contact fatigue crack will cover up the inner defect in rails. On the other hand, surface cracks trend to extend horizontally and vertically, which may lead rail rupture. To reduce the window period of detection and improve the efficiency of high-speed railway, the high-speed detection of surface cracks using ACFM (alternating current field measurement) technique is investigated in this study. Considering the liftoff and height changes between rails, the ACFM probe containing "slidable boot" is proposed. The probe arrangement is optimized through finite element analysis based on the distribution of surface cracks on rails; The influence of "slidable boot" on signals is studied. The ACFM detecting module for inspection vehicle is developed. High speed experiment and natural rolling contact fatigue crack detection experiment are carried out. The results of high-speed experiment indicate that the detection ability and sensitivity of developed module are almost same at 80 km/h and 0.72 km/h. The results of natural rolling fatigue crack experiment validate the detectability of the proposed module on natural cracks.

Key words: rolling contact fatigue crack, high speed detection, railway, inclined crack

中图分类号:

TH865

葛玖浩, 杨晨开, 胡宝旺, 王平, 李伟, 袁新安, 叶云飞. 交流电磁场检测技术钢轨表面裂纹高速检测研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(18): 66-74.

GE Jiuhao, YANG Chenkai, HU Baowang, WANG Ping, LI Wei, YUAN Xinan, YE Yunfei. High-speed Detection of Surface Crack on Rail Using Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(18): 66-74.

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交流电磁场检测技术钢轨表面裂纹高速检测研究

High-speed Detection of Surface Crack on Rail Using Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique

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