基于模态柔度和能量分布的机床动态优化设计

doi:10.3901/JME.2018.23.192

机械工程学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (23): 192-198.doi: 10.3901/JME.2018.23.192

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基于模态柔度和能量分布的机床动态优化设计

廖永宜^1,2, 廖伯瑜¹

1. 昆明理工大学云南省高校振动与噪声重点实验室昆明 650500;
2. 昆明理工大学成人教育学院昆明 650051

收稿日期:2017-12-16 修回日期:2018-10-23 出版日期:2018-12-05 发布日期:2018-12-05
通讯作者: 廖永宜(通信作者),男,1961年出生,硕士,副教授,高级工程师。主要研究方向为机械动力学、机械设计与制造、振动与噪声控制。获国家科学技术进步奖三等奖一项,云南省科学技术进步奖二等奖一项。E-mail:yongyiliao@163.com
作者简介:廖伯瑜,男,1935年出生,教授。主要研究方向为机械动力学、振动与噪声控制。获国家科技进步三等奖一项,省部级科技进步奖二等奖四项。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（61263023）。

Dynamic Optimization Design of Machine Tool Based on Modal Flexibility and Energy Distribution

LIAO Yongyi^1,2, LIAO Baiyu¹

1. Key Laboratory of Vibration and Noise under Ministry of Education of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500;
2. Adult Education College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650051

Received:2017-12-16 Revised:2018-10-23 Online:2018-12-05 Published:2018-12-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 使机床切削点动柔度最大值在整个工作频率范围内最小，是机床实现无颤振稳定切削和高精度切削加工的要求，也是对其进行动态优化设计所应达到的目标。基于模态柔度和能量分布的机床结构动态优化设计原理，实现了一种以降低切削点交叉动柔度值为目标的优化方法。该方法利用切削点交叉动柔度与模态柔度的关系，首先寻找薄弱模态，再分析薄弱模态上各部件和环节的能量分布，确定该模态上的薄弱环节，然后在一定的约束条件下，改进这些环节的设计参数，从而实现优化目标。以某型万能工具铣床为例，在整机建模分析计算的基础上，阐述了该优化方法的具体应用。通过模态柔度和能量分布计算，判明该机床的薄弱环节是横梁-水平主轴体系统，针对薄弱环节设计参数的改进实现其质量和刚度的优化，优化后的静柔度和模态柔度都有较大的降低，而固有频率则相应提高，切削点动柔度的最大值降低近18%。并在此基础上进行结构改进设计，改进前后机床的谐响应分析和切削试验对比结果表明优化方法有效地改善了机床的动态性能，再生颤振稳定性得到大幅提高。

关键词: 机床整机, 结构改进, 模态柔度, 能量分布, 切削点动柔度, 优化设计, 再生颤振

Abstract: To minimize the maximum compliance at cutting point across all working frequency ranges is the requirement for machine tool to achieve minimum chance of machining chatter and high precision machining, which is also the objective that dynamic optimization design of machine tool should be attained. A dynamic optimum method that aims at decreasing the compliance at cutting point is developed and analyzed according to the principles of dynamic optimization design based on modal flexibility and energy distribution for machine tool. By the relationship between compliance and modal flexibility to indicate weak modals, focusing on the weak modals, the energy distributions of components and links are analyzed to determine the weak parts and links, the optimum design can be realized by improving the design parameters of corresponding parts and links under certain constraints. For a universal tool milling machine as an example, based on modeling analysis and computation of machine tool, the specific application of the optimization method are described. By calculation of modal flexibility and energy distribution, the weak link of the machine is judged to be the system consisted of crossbeam and horizontal spindle body, the optimization of mass and stiffness can be realized by improving design parameters of the weak link, the optimized static flexibility and modal flexibility are greatly reduced, while natural frequencies are increased correspondingly, and the maximum value of compliance at cutting point decreased by nearly 18%. On this basis, the structure improvement design is carried out, and the comparative results of harmonic response analysis and the cutting test between the original and improved machine tool demonstrate that the dynamic characteristics of machine tool are effectively improved and cutting stability for regenerative chatter is greatly increased.

Key words: compliance at cutting point, energy distribution, machine tool, modal flexibility, optimization design, regenerative chatter, structure improvement

中图分类号:

TH113
TG502

廖永宜, 廖伯瑜. 基于模态柔度和能量分布的机床动态优化设计[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(23): 192-198.

LIAO Yongyi, LIAO Baiyu. Dynamic Optimization Design of Machine Tool Based on Modal Flexibility and Energy Distribution[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(23): 192-198.

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基于模态柔度和能量分布的机床动态优化设计

Dynamic Optimization Design of Machine Tool Based on Modal Flexibility and Energy Distribution

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