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机械工程学报

机械工程学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4): 77-84.doi: 10.3901/JME.2017.04.077

• 运载工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于粒子群算法的插电式混合动力客车实时策略*

王钦普1, 杜思宇2, 李亮2, 游思雄2, 杨超2   

  1. 1. 中通客车控股股份有限公司 聊城 252000；
    2. 清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室 北京 100084
  • 出版日期:2017-02-20 发布日期:2017-02-20
  • 作者简介:

    王钦普，男，1964年出生，研究员。主要研究方向为混合动力汽车能量优化控制。

    E-mail：lk--wqp@163.com

    李亮(通信作者)，男，1976年出生，博士，副研究员。主要研究方向为汽车动力学与控制。

    E-mail：liangl@tsinghua.edu.cn

  • 基金资助:
    * 国家自然科学基金(51675293， 51605243)和中国博士后科学基金 (2016M590094)资助项目; 20160708收到初稿，20160907收到修改稿;

Real-time Energy Management Strategy for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

WANG Qinpu1, DU Siyu2, LI Liang2, YOU Sixiong2, YANG Chao2   

  1. 1. Zhongtong Bus Holding Company， Liaocheng 252000；
    2. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy， Tsinghua University， Beijing 100084
  • Online:2017-02-20 Published:2017-02-20

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摘要：

插电式混合动力客车(Plug-in hybrid electric bus， PHEB)因其低能耗、低排放等特性，成为公交客车领域的研究热点。然而在应对复杂瞬变的城市公交工况时，如何设计实时高效的能量管理策略、实现PHEB全工况能耗最优仍然是当前亟待解决的难题。针对该问题，提出一种基于粒子群算法(Particle swarm optimization， PSO)优化的等效燃油消耗最小策略(Equivalent consumption minimization strategy， ECMS)，建立基于等效因子优化的ECMS能量管理策略;考虑到汽车低速发动机频繁起动问题，引入发动机起动车速限制，并利用PSO离线优化特定工况下的等效因子和发动机起动车速，从而获得可在线应用的插电式混合动力客车实时控制策略。基于Matlab/Simulink软件，搭建整车仿真模型，并对所提出的方法进行仿真和硬件在环试验验证。结果表明，所研究策略可实现不同初始SOC条件下的PHEB能量管理策略的近似全局优化，与规则式能量管理策略相比，燃油经济性提升了8.5%。

关键词: 等效燃油瞬时消耗最小策略, 粒子群算法, 能量管理, 全局优化, 插电式混合动力公交客车

Abstract:

Plug-in hybrid electric bus (PHEB) has become a hot spot for bus research due to its lower energy consumption and lower emissions, etc. For the complicated and transient driving conditions of city bus, how to minimize the energy consumption of the whole driving cycle by designing the real-time energy management strategy for PHEB is still a problem in the recent years. To solve this problem, an equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed. The energy management strategy based on the optimization equivalent factor is proposed. Considering the engine frequently start-up problems at lower vehicle speed, the speed limits for engine start is introduced, and the equivalent factor and the speed of engine start of certain condition is offline optimized by PSO to obtain the PHEB application online real-time strategy. The simulation model of the vehicle is built by Matlab/Simulink. The presented method is verified by simulation and hardware in the loop (HIL) experiments. The results show that, the research strategy could achieve global optimization PHEB approximate energy management strategies under different initial SOCs, the vehicle fuel economy increases by 8.5% comparing with the rule-based strategy.

Key words: energy management, equivalent consumption minimization strategy, global optimization, particle swarm optimization, plug-in hybrid electric bus

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