• CN：11-2187/TH
  • ISSN：0577-6686
机械工程学报

机械工程学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (6): 126-134.doi: 10.3901/JME.2015.06.126

• 运载工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

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Hertz理论与有限元法分析轮轨接触疲劳的差异性研究

曹世豪 李煦 张四放 文良华 江晓禹   

  1. 西南交通大学力学与工程学院 成都 610031
  • 出版日期:2015-03-20 发布日期:2015-03-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点(U1134202/E050303)和四川省青年科技创新团队(2013TD0004)资助项目

Research of the Differences between Hertz Theory and Finite Element Method to Analyze the Fatigue of Wheel/Rail Contact

CAO Shihao LI Xu ZHANG Sifang WEN Lianghua JIANG Xiaoyu   

  1. School of Mechanics and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031
  • Online:2015-03-20 Published:2015-03-20

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摘要： 采用Hertz理论和有限元分析软件ANSYS，对钢轨表面存在微裂纹的轮轨接触疲劳问题进行研究，在不同轴重和运行状态下，获得不同位置的裂纹尖端应力强度因子。结果表明，随着轴重的增加，应力强度因子KI增加，而KII的变化趋势因车轮运行状态的不同而不尽相同。摩擦力的存在，使得KI、KII明显增加，且明显改变KII的变化趋势；在无摩擦力时，KII所占KI的比例约为6%，纯滚动时，KII所占KI的比例达到将近20%，全滑动时，KII所占KI的比例接近50%，因此，对钢轨进行疲劳断裂机理分析时，KII 明显不可忽略。由于Hertz理论不考虑材料的塑性和轮轨间的摩擦力，使得Hertz理论分析轮轨接触疲劳时有适用范围小、计算结果偏大、误差累计等缺点，而有限元法是解决复杂轮轨接触疲劳问题更有效的方法。

关键词: ANSYS, Hertz理论, 轮轨接触, 摩擦力, 疲劳裂纹, 轴重

Abstract: The Hertz theory and finite element software ANSYS are used to analyze the contact fatigue problem of wheel/rail with surface crack. Under the condition of different axle loads and operating states, the stress intensity factors of crack tip at different locations are obtained. The results show that, the stress intensity factor KI increases with the increase of axle load, but the variation of KII differs greatly for different operating states. The stress intensity factor KI and KII increase significantly with the effect of the friction, and it changes the variation trend of KII. In the state of fraction free, KII accounts for 5% of KI. In the pure rolling state, KII accounts for 20% of KI. In the full sliding state, KII accounts for 55% of KI. It means that the KII cannot be ignored when analyzing the fatigue and fracture mechanism of rail. Hertz theory has the following defects, narrow scope of application, larger result and error accumulation because of the Hertz theory does not consider the plasticity of material and the friction between wheel and rail. The finite element method is an effective method to solve the complex contact fatigue problem of wheel/rail.

Key words: ANSYS, axle load, fatigue crack, friction, Hertz theory, wheel/rail contact

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