多源激励下风电机组塔筒动态响应机理建模

doi:10.3901/JME.260827

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水平轴风电机组塔筒振动机理建模是研究塔筒振动规律及对其进行监测诊断的基础。基于多坐标变换，考虑风载荷、重力二阶效应、涡激振动等因素，建立结构动力学与空气动力学相耦合的水平轴风电机组塔筒横向、纵向振动机理模型。以某2 MW风电机组为对象，构建风电机组塔筒动态响应集中参数模型，将仿真结果与GH Bladed软件计算结果进行对比，二者具有较高的吻合度；基于此模型建立了3.2 MW实际机组塔筒模型，通过实测振动响应数据对模型予以验证；研究了稳态工况下叶轮对塔筒风载荷的干涉作用、不同涡激振动计算方法、塔筒法兰单元结构参数修正对塔筒结构参数及振动响应的影响；同时对比分析了两种常见故障-变桨故障与叶片覆冰对塔筒动态响应的影响。结果表明叶轮对塔筒风载荷的干涉作用随塔筒高度升高而增加；在变风速工况下涡激振动动力学求解法考虑的实际工况影响因素更加全面，求解结果更加精确；塔筒法兰盘的加入会降低塔筒单元的弯曲刚度并增大其质量，相同工况下会导致塔筒振动幅值升高；叶片覆冰故障对塔筒振动响应幅值影响较大，变桨故障在增大塔筒振动幅值的同时，还会大幅改变塔筒X轴方向振动趋势。

关键词: 结构动力学, 空气动力学, 塔筒振动, 重力二阶效应, 涡激振动, 法兰修正

Abstract: The modeling of horizontal axis wind turbine tower vibration mechanism is the basis for studying the vibration laws and monitoring and diagnosing the tower. Based on multi-coordinate transformation, considering the effects of wind load, gravity second-order effect, vortex-induced vibration, etc., a mechanism model of dynamics and aerodynamics coupled with horizontal axis wind turbine tower lateral and longitudinal vibration is established. Taking a 2 MW wind turbine as an example, a concentrated parameter model of the wind turbine tower dynamic response is built, and the simulation results are compared with the calculation results of GH Bladed software, which have a high degree of consistency. Based on this model, a 3.2 MW actual turbine model is established, and the vibration response under different operating conditions is verified; the study investigates the interference effect of the rotor on the tower wind load in the steady-state condition, the influence of different vortex-induced vibration calculation methods, the structural parameter correction of the flange unit on the tower structure parameters and vibration response, and the influence of two common faults: the flap failure and the ice accumulation on the tower dynamic response. The results show that the interference effect of the rotor on the tower wind load increases as the tower height increases; in the variable wind speed operating condition, the dynamic solution method of vortex-induced vibration considers more comprehensive actual operating conditions and the solution results are more accurate; the addition of the flange plate reduces the bending stiffness of the tower unit and increases its mass, and under the same operating condition, it will cause an increase in the tower vibration amplitude; the ice accumulation fault has a greater impact on the amplitude of the tower vibration response; the flap failure not only increases the amplitude of the tower vibration response but also significantly changes the X-axis vibration trend.

Key words: structural dynamics, aerodynamics, vibration of tower, gravity second-order effect, vortex-induced vibration, flange correction

中图分类号:

TK83
O313

苗旭辉, 滕伟, 魏惠春, 彭迪康, 马志勇, 柳亦兵. 多源激励下风电机组塔筒动态响应机理建模[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(15): 262-277.

MIAO Xuhui, TENG Wei, WEI Huichun, PENG Dikang, MA Zhiyong, LIU Yibing. Mechanism Modeling of Dynamic Response of Wind Turbine Tower under Multi-source Excitation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(15): 262-277.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260827

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I15/262

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