轨道车辆系统振动模态匹配：概念、指标、方法、挑战与未来研究方向

doi:10.3901/JME.260732

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (16): 109-127.doi: 10.3901/JME.260732

• 特邀专辑：轨道运载装备动态设计理论与运维技术 • 上一篇

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轨道车辆系统振动模态匹配：概念、指标、方法、挑战与未来研究方向

宫岛^1,2, 许卓韬^1,2, 周劲松^1,2, 周凯^1,2, 门志辉^1,2, 冉红波^1,2, 李成^1,2, 赵苍鹏^1,2, 李亚珂^1,2

1. 同济大学交通学院上海 201804;
2. 同济大学上海市轨道交通结构耐久与系统安全重点实验室上海 201804

收稿日期:2025-09-15 修回日期:2026-03-06 发布日期:2026-10-14
作者简介:宫岛，男，1985年出生，博士，长聘副教授。主要研究方向为铁道车辆系统动力学。E-mail：gongdao@tongji.edu.cn;许卓韬，男，2000年出生，博士研究生。主要研究方向为铁道车辆系统动力学、机械装备剩余寿命预测与健康管理。E-mail：2512201@tongji.edu.cn;周劲松(通信作者)，男，1969年出生，博士，教授。主要研究方向为铁道车辆系统动力学。E-mail：jinsong.zhou@tongji.edu.cn;周凯，男，1992年出生，博士，副教授。主要研究方向为轨道车辆系统动力学与结构振动、智能振动控制、基于数据驱动的系统建模与分析。E-mail：zhoukai_mech@tongji.edu.cn;门志辉，男，1999年出生，博士研究生。主要研究方向为车辆试验分析与故障诊断技术。E-mail：Zhihui_Men@163.com;冉红波，男，2002年出生，博士研究生。主要研究方向为车辆动力学、轮轨关系。E-mail：2512153@tongji.edu.cn;李成，男，1999年出生，博士研究生。主要研究方向为振动分析与控制、铁道车辆系统动力学。E-mail：LiC_heng@Tongji.edu.cn;赵苍鹏，男，1999年出生，博士研究生。主要研究方向为车辆系统动力学。E-mail：zhaocangpeng2023@163.com;李亚珂，女，2002年出生，硕士研究生。主要研究方向为轨道车辆系统动力学与结构振动，振动噪声分析与控制。E-mail：2433685@tongji.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52375115)、上海东方英才计划(QNKJ2025010)和高速磁浮运载技术全国重点实验室(中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司)开放基金(SKLM-SFCF-2025-007)资助项目。

Vibration Modal Matching of Rail Vehicle Systems：Concepts, Indicators, Methods, Challenges and Future Research Directions

GONG Dao^1,2, XU Zhuotao^1,2, ZHOU Jinsong^1,2, ZHOU Kai^1,2, MEN Zhihui^1,2, RAN Hongbo^1,2, LI Cheng^1,2, ZHAO Cangpeng^1,2, LI Yake^1,2

1. College of Transportation, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804;
2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rail Infrastructure Durability and System Safety, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804

Received:2025-09-15 Revised:2026-03-06 Published:2026-10-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 轨道车辆系统振动模态匹配是现代车辆动力学设计的核心内容，旨在通过系统调控车体、转向架及车载设备等关键子系统的固有振动特性，优化振动能量传递路径，避免频率耦合引发的共振现象，从而降低噪声提升运行平稳性。系统阐述模态匹配的概念体系、评价指标与方法框架，重点介绍以正向设计为引导、振动环境谱归纳为基础、分区匹配为核心的系统方法体系，包括错峰匹配、安全匹配、减振匹配和最优匹配四种策略，分别从频率隔离、响应抑制、阻尼优化与全局极值四个维度实现模态的协同调控。进一步结合多体-有限元联合仿真与传递率测试，形成从设计到验证的闭环流程，显著提升工程应用的可靠性。还分析了当前模态匹配在实际工程中面临的挑战，包括模态跃迁、部件性能退化、多部件耦合与轻量化设计等问题，并展望了未来研究方向，如动态参数下的自适应匹配、人工智能辅助优化、多物理场协同仿真与智能模态适配系统等，为轨道车辆振动控制与正向设计提供理论支撑与技术路径。

关键词: 轨道车辆, 模态匹配, 分区匹配, 动力吸振, 正向设计

Abstract: Vibration modal matching of rail vehicle systems is a core aspect of modern vehicle dynamics design, aimed at systematically regulating the inherent vibration characteristics of key subsystems such as the car body, bogie, and onboard equipment to optimize vibrational energy transfer paths and avoid resonance phenomena caused by frequency coupling, thereby enhancing operational safety, ride comfort, and structural reliability. This paper systematically elaborates on the conceptual framework, evaluation metrics, and methodological system of modal matching, with emphasis on a systematic approach guided by forward design, based on vibrational environment spectrum summarization, and centered on partitioned matching strategies. These strategies include peak-avoidance matching, safety matching, vibration-reduction matching, and optimal matching, which collectively achieve coordinated regulation of modal characteristics from four dimensions：frequency isolation, response suppression, damping optimization, and global extremum pursuit. Combined with multi-body-finite element co-simulation and transmissibility testing, a closed-loop process from design to validation is established, significantly improving the reliability of engineering applications. The paper also analyzes current challenges in practical engineering, such as modal transition, performance degradation of components, multi-component coupling, and lightweight design conflicts, and outlines future research directions, including adaptive matching under dynamic parameters, artificial intelligence-assisted optimization, multi-physics collaborative simulation, and intelligent modal adaptation systems. This work provides theoretical support and technical pathways for vibration control and forward design in rail vehicles.

Key words: railway vehicle, modal matching, partition matching, dynamic vibration absorption, forward design

中图分类号:

U270

宫岛, 许卓韬, 周劲松, 周凯, 门志辉, 冉红波, 李成, 赵苍鹏, 李亚珂. 轨道车辆系统振动模态匹配：概念、指标、方法、挑战与未来研究方向[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(16): 109-127.

GONG Dao, XU Zhuotao, ZHOU Jinsong, ZHOU Kai, MEN Zhihui, RAN Hongbo, LI Cheng, ZHAO Cangpeng, LI Yake. Vibration Modal Matching of Rail Vehicle Systems：Concepts, Indicators, Methods, Challenges and Future Research Directions[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(16): 109-127.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260732

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I16/109

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轨道车辆系统振动模态匹配：概念、指标、方法、挑战与未来研究方向

Vibration Modal Matching of Rail Vehicle Systems：Concepts, Indicators, Methods, Challenges and Future Research Directions

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