考虑误差可补偿度的精密卧式坐标镗导轨直线度公差设计方法

doi:10.3901/JME.260700

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对目前精密机床精度设计和误差补偿研究相互孤立导致的设计资源和制造成本的浪费，开展了虑及可补偿误差影响的精密卧式坐标镗导轨直线度公差设计研究。首先，基于虚位移原理和能量最低原理建立了导轨直线度误差到运动部件5维误差的传递模型，基于误差传递准则建立了单轴误差到空间误差的传递模型；其次，分别开展了单轴误差和导轨直线度误差对空间误差的灵敏度分析，探明了各误差源对空间误差的影响规律；然后，基于误差传递矩阵将可补偿误差源和不可补偿误差源分类；基于此，仅对机床不可补偿导轨直线度公差开展正向设计，显著降低了设计难度和任务量，并将设计结果通过误差模型传递至工作空间进行验证，结果表明设计公差带满足设计要求。所提方法为机床几何精度的提升提供了新思路和新手段。

关键词: 精度设计, 误差补偿能力, 误差建模, 灵敏度分析, 卧式坐标镗

Abstract: In view of the waste of design resources and manufacturing costs caused by the isolation of the current precision design and error compensation research of precision machine tools, the straightness tolerance design of the precision horizontal coordinate boring guide rail considering the influence of compensable errors is studied. Firstly, based on the principle of virtual displacement and the principle of minimum energy, the transfer model from the straightness error of guide rail to the 5-dimensional error of moving parts is established. Then, the sensitivity analysis of single-axis error and straightness error of guide rail to spatial error is carried out respectively, and the influence of each error source on spatial error is revealed. Thirdly, the compensable error sources and non-compensable error sources are classified based on the error transfer matrix. Based on this, only the non-compensable straightness tolerance of guide rail is designed, which significantly reduces the design difficulty and task amount. The design results were transferred to the workspace for verification through the error model. The results show that the design tolerance meets the design requirements. The proposed method provides a new idea and a new means for improving the geometric accuracy of machine tools.

Key words: precision design, error compensation ability, error modelling, sensitivity analysis, horizontal coordinate boring

中图分类号:

TH161

张相鹏, 田文杰, 高卫国, 张大卫. 考虑误差可补偿度的精密卧式坐标镗导轨直线度公差设计方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(13): 335-348.

ZHANG Xiangpeng, TIAN Wenjie, GAO Weiguo, ZHANG Dawei. Research on Guide Rail Straightness Tolerance Design Method of Precision Horizontal Coordinate Boring Considering the Compensability of Error[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(13): 335-348.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260700

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I13/335

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