用于轨道微位移振动能量俘获的压电-电磁复合俘能器研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260596

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 列车经过时产生的振动能量丰富，可作为轨道列车基础设施监测用无线传感节点的能量来源，但列车轨道振动振幅较小、频率较低，振动能量难以被俘获，考虑到轨道振动及环境特点，提出了一种用于列车轨道微小振动位移能量俘获的位移放大压电-电磁复合俘能器(Micro-displacement amplified piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester，MDAP-EHEH)，设计杠杆结构来放大轨道微小位移，实现更高效的能量俘获，并在俘能系统中增加外部固定磁铁，引入非线性拓频。通过设计能量输出实验对俘能器输出性能进行测试，结果表明，MDAP-EHEH的位移放大效果可实现振动能量俘获效率的显著提升，非线性的引入使得俘能器能量俘获有效带宽提升133%。搭建无线传感节点自供能实验证明了该自供电无线传感系统可实现对振动数据的有效监测。研究验证了MDAP-EHEH的高效输出性能，拥有为轨道列车监测用无线传感节点供能的巨大潜力。

关键词: 微位移, 复合能量俘获, 阻抗匹配, 无线传感节点自供电

Abstract: The vibration energy generated when the railway passes through is abundant, which can be used as the energy source of the wireless sensor network for the monitoring of the railway infrastructure. However, the railway track vibration is small in amplitude and low in frequency, and the vibration energy is difficult to be harvested. Considering the characteristics of track vibration and its environment, a micro-displacement amplified piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester (MDAP-EHEH) for energy harvesting of the railway track's small vibration is proposed. And the lever structure is designed to amplify the track's micro-displacement for a more efficient energy harvesting, and external fixed magnets are added in the energy harvesting system to introduce system nonlinearities. Energy output experiments are designed to test the output performance of the energy harvester, and the results show that the displacement amplification effect of MDAP-EHEH can realize a significant increase in the efficiency of vibration energy harvesting, and the introduction of nonlinearities makes the effective bandwidth of energy harvesting of the energy harvester increase by 133%. The experiments of building wireless sensing network for energy supply prove that the self-powered wireless sensing system can realize the effective monitoring of track vibration data. The study verifies the efficient output performance of MDAP-EHEH, which possesses great potential for powering wireless sensor networks for railway monitoring.

Key words: micro-displacement, hybrid energy harvesting, impedance matching, self-powered wireless sensor nodes

中图分类号:

O322

孙威, 王彬, 柴瑞波, 杨光, 李昊颜, 李晓坤, 曲昌荣, 张斌. 用于轨道微位移振动能量俘获的压电-电磁复合俘能器研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(11): 301-312.

SUN Wei, WANG Bin, CHAI Ruibo, YANG Guang, LI Haoyan, LI Xiaokun, QU Changrong, ZHANG Bin. Design and Evaluation of Piezoelectric-electromagnetic Hybrid Energy Harvester for Energy Harvesting of Micro-displacement Vibration in Train Tracks[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(11): 301-312.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260596

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I11/301

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