模拟太空极端温度下的精密金属增材制造

doi:10.3901/JME.260582

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (15): 531-541.doi: 10.3901/JME.260582

• 数字化设计与制造 • 上一篇

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模拟太空极端温度下的精密金属增材制造

王磊^1,2, 王琳鑫^2,3, 刘海涛⁴, 汤永凯², 卢秉恒^1,2

1. 西安交通大学高端制造装备协同创新中心西安 710054;
2. 国家增材制造创新中心西安 710075;
3. 西安理工大学机械与精密仪器工程学院西安 710054;
4. 西安工业大学机电工程学院西安 710021

收稿日期:2025-08-04 修回日期:2025-12-08 发布日期:2026-10-13
作者简介:王磊，男，1982年出生，副研究员。主要从事增材制造与极端环境制造研究。E-mail：wlei292@xjtu.edu.cn;王琳鑫，男，1998年出生，博士研究生。主要从事极端环境增材制工艺研究。E-mail：wlx08036012@163.com;刘海涛(通信作者)，男，1981年出生，博士。主要从事机器人制造。E-mail：429059044@qq.com
基金资助:
教育部基础学科和交叉学科突破计划(JYB2025XDXM210)和173资助项目。

Metal Additive Manufacturing in Simulated Space Extreme Temperatures

WANG Lei^1,2, WANG Linxin^2,3, LIU Haitao⁴, TANG Yongkai², LU Bingheng^1,2

1. Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Manufacturing Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054;
2. National Innovation Institute of Additive Manufacturing, Xi'an 710075;
3. School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710054;
4. School of Mechanical and Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021

Received:2025-08-04 Revised:2025-12-08 Published:2026-10-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对太空轨道舱外极端环境对金属增材制造的需求，开发了适应在轨舱外真空、高低温环境的金属激光直写增材制造工艺。在地面模拟环境实验台搭建了金属激光直写增材制造实验装置，分别进行了真空常温、真空低温(-120 ℃)和真空高温(107 ℃)环境下的工艺实验。结果表明：所制备的金属薄壁圆筒样件表面较为光滑，无明显宏观缺陷，验证了该工艺在真空、高低温环境下具有良好的稳定性和可重复性；三种工况下，薄壁圆筒件外表面圆柱度变化范围为0.167～0.383 mm，最大位置偏差变化范围为 0.114～0.226 mm，表面粗糙度均值小于等于8.36 μm，验证了该工艺具有良好的成形精度；微观组织分析表明，环境温度显著影响薄壁圆筒件的冷却速度，导致各环境下组织形态差异明显，其中真空低温环境下组织形态更为精细均匀，高温环境则促使微观组织尺寸增大，验证了环境温度变化对样件微观组织的影响，以及未来通过环境温度调控微观组织的潜力。该研究为空间在轨舱外极端环境下的金属增材制造和舱外金属零件修复提供了重要参考。

关键词: 太空制造, 在轨制造, 金属增材制造, 极端制造, 激光制造

Abstract: The demand for metal additive manufacturing in the extreme environment of space orbital cabins is addressed. A metal laser direct writing additive manufacturing process adaptable to vacuum, high- and low-temperature conditions outside orbital cabins is developed. Experiments are conducted under vacuum normal temperature, vacuum low-temperature (-120 ℃), and vacuum high-temperature (107 ℃) conditions using a ground-based simulation experimental platform. Results show that the manufactured metal thin-walled cylindrical specimens have smooth surfaces without obvious macro defects, demonstrating the stability and repeatability of this process in vacuum and temperature extreme environments. Under the three conditions, the cylindricity of the thin-walled cylinder’s outer surface ranges from 0.167 to 0.383 mm, the maximum positional deviation ranges from 0.114 to 0.226 mm, and the mean surface roughness is less than or equal to 8.36 μm, confirming the good forming accuracy of this process. Microstructure analysis indicates that environmental temperature significantly affects the cooling rate of the thin-walled cylinder, leading to marked differences in microstructure morphology across conditions. Notably, the microstructure is finer and more uniform under vacuum low-temperature conditions, while high-temperature conditions promote an increase in microstructure size. This confirms the influence of environmental temperature changes on the microstructure of the specimens and the potential for future microstructure regulation via environmental temperature. This study provides a significant reference for metal additive manufacturing and the repair of extravehicular metal parts in the extreme conditions of space orbital cabins.

Key words: space manufacturing, in orbit manufacturing, metal additive manufacturing, extreme manufacturing, laser manufacturing

中图分类号:

TG502

王磊, 王琳鑫, 刘海涛, 汤永凯, 卢秉恒. 模拟太空极端温度下的精密金属增材制造[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(15): 531-541.

WANG Lei, WANG Linxin, LIU Haitao, TANG Yongkai, LU Bingheng. Metal Additive Manufacturing in Simulated Space Extreme Temperatures[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(15): 531-541.

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模拟太空极端温度下的精密金属增材制造

Metal Additive Manufacturing in Simulated Space Extreme Temperatures

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