先进制造领域人工智能大模型/小模型/微模型分类及应用

doi:10.3901/JME.260292

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 先进制造作为衡量国家科技发展水平的关键指标，与国民经济和国防安全密切相关，对国家在全球化竞争中的地位具有深远影响。随着DeepSeek等大语言模型的广泛应用，人工智能技术正以前所未有的速度推动着各行业的深刻变革。由于先进制造领域目前暂时没有明确的模型分类标准，从模型参数规模的角度出发，仿照计算机领域的分类标准，提出了一种基于参数量级的制造行业人工智能模型分类方法(大模型、小模型、微模型)，以期增进对这类技术的理解；基于此框架，对人工智能大、小、微模型在工程材料、设计优化、加工装配、运行维护这四大制造环节中的研究与运用情况进行文献调研与综述，阐述最新的发展趋势，并讨论了人工智能赋能先进制造的技术瓶颈；最后，总结并展望了未来人工智能技术与先进制造相结合的主要发展方向。

关键词: 人工智能, 先进制造, 大模型, 小模型, 微模型, 模型分类

Abstract: As a key indicator for measuring a country’s scientific and technological development level, advanced manufacturing is closely linked to national economic growth and national defense security, and exerts a profound impact on a country’s standing in global competition. With the widespread application of large language models such as DeepSeek, artificial intelligence technology is driving profound transformations across various industries at an unprecedented pace. Given the absence of explicit model classification criteria in the field of advanced manufacturing, a parameter-scale-based classification method for artificial intelligence models in the manufacturing industry (i.e., large, small, and micro models) from the perspective of model parameters is proposed, drawing on the classification methodologies in the computer field. This effort is intended to deepen the understanding of such technologies. Based on this framework, then a systematic literature review and investigation into the research and application of large is conducted, small, and micro AI models across the four core manufacturing processes: engineering materials, design optimization, processing and assembly, and operation and maintenance, while elaborating on the latest development trends. Subsequently, the technical bottlenecks in the empowerment of advanced manufacturing by artificial intelligence are discussed. Finally, this study summarizes and prospects the main development directions for the integration of artificial intelligence technology and advanced manufacturing in the future.

Key words: artificial intelligence, advanced manufacturing, large models, small models, micro models, model classification

中图分类号:

TH11
TP391

宋学官, 朱泓宇, 王沐晨, 庞勇, 张帅, 杨亮亮, 何西旺, 阚子云. 先进制造领域人工智能大模型/小模型/微模型分类及应用[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(15): 24-51.

SONG Xueguan, ZHU Hongyu, WANG Muchen, PANG Yong, ZHANG Shuai, YANG Liangliang, HE Xiwang, KAN Ziyun. Classification and Application of Large, Small, and Micro AI Models in Advanced Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(15): 24-51.

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