变轨曲柄疲劳试验机的构型及运动学分析

doi:10.3901/JME.260164

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 疲劳试验机是材料性能测试的重要装备，而其作动机构的创新设计一直是研发疲劳试验机的关键问题。针对该问题，提出一种融合双偏心套筒机构、曲柄滑块机构和行星机构的作动机构新构型，即变轨曲柄构型。阐述了变轨曲柄的工作原理，基于解析法建立了变轨曲柄的运动学模型，采用数值仿真软件和物理样机实验相结合的方式验证了所建模型的有效性。进一步运用理论分析和数据驱动结合的方法，研究了存在构件间间隙的情况下不同工作频率与输入幅值对滑块运动波形误差的影响，并利用正弦和模型解释并量化了波形误差。结果表明：变轨曲柄构型具有无需使用滑环、结构紧凑、动态调幅范围大且响应高等优势；该构型能够实现幅值在0～40 mm范围内的实时连续调节且曲柄完成单次最大调幅(40 mm)的最短时间为0.2 s；该构型的位移波形误差主要来源于连杆间隙，在间隙效应作用下，工作频率对位移曲线波形特征的影响较小，而输入幅值与波形误差呈现显著的非线性关系，即当输入幅值减小时，波形失真显著增大，而随着输入幅值的提升，间隙引起的波形误差逐渐减小并趋于稳定。研究结果对疲劳试验机的设计具有指导意义。

关键词: 变轨曲柄, 动态调幅, 运动学模型, 连杆间隙

Abstract: Fatigue testing machine is essential for evaluating material performance, and the innovative design of their actuating mechanisms remains a key challenge. A novel actuating configuration, termed the variable-track crank, is proposed by integrating a dual eccentric sleeve mechanism, a crank-slider mechanism, and a planetary gear mechanism. Its working principle is described, and a kinematic model is analytically established and validated through numerical simulation and prototype experiments. A combined theoretical and data-driven method is used to investigate the influence of component clearance on slider motion waveform error under different operating frequencies and input amplitudes. A sinusoidal summation model is introduced to explain and quantify the error. Results show that the proposed configuration enables real-time continuous amplitude adjustment within 0-40 mm, with a maximum adjustment (40 mm) completed in 0.2 s. It eliminates the need for slip rings and features compact structure, wide dynamic range, and high responsiveness. The waveform error mainly arises from linkage clearance, showing weak dependence on frequency but a strong nonlinear relationship with input amplitude: waveform distortion increases significantly at small amplitudes and gradually stabilizes at larger amplitudes. The findings provide guidance for the design of fatigue testing machines.

Key words: variable-track crank, dynamic amplitude adjustment, kinematic model, linkage clearance

中图分类号:

TH122
TH69

梁杰, 徐黄炜, 杨炯. 变轨曲柄疲劳试验机的构型及运动学分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(13): 99-109.

LIANG Jie, XU Huangwei, YANG Jiong. Configuration and Kinematic Analysis of Variable-track Crank Fatigue Testing Machine[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(13): 99-109.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I13/99

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